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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Amendment No. 1
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
| New York | 13-3444607 | |
|
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employee identification number) |
777 Old Saw Mill River Road
Stuart A. Kolinski, Esq.
With A Copy To:
Kent A. Coit, Esq.
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
| If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. o | |
| If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. þ | |
| If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o | |
| If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o | |
| If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box: o | |
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
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|
The information in this
prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell
these securities until the registration statement filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus
is not an offer to sell these securities, and we are not
soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the
offer or sale is not permitted. |
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED FEBRUARY 9, 2005
PROSPECTUS
$200,000,000
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Common Stock
REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. may sell from time to time in one or more offerings, together or separately:
| • | common stock (including the associated rights to purchase Series A junior participating preferred stock); |
| • | preferred stock; |
| • | debt securities; and |
| • | warrants to purchase debt securities, common stock or preferred stock. |
The common stock of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is listed on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “REGN.” Our principal executive offices are located at 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591-6707, telephone (914) 345-7400.
Investing in our securities involves risks that are described in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 2 of this prospectus.
We urge you to read carefully this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement, which will describe the specific terms of the securities being offered to you, before you make your investment decision.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus or the accompanying prospectus supplement is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
This prospectus may not be used to sell securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
The date of this prospectus is , 2005.
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In this prospectus, “Regeneron,” “our company,” “we,” “us,” “the issuer,” “the registrant,” and “our” refer to Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., references to our “common stock” refer to shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and shall include the rights attached to such common stock in accordance with our shareholder rights plan, references to our Class A stock refer to our Class A stock, par value $0.001 per share, and shall include the rights attached to such Class A stock in accordance with our shareholder rights plan, and references to our “common shares” shall mean, collectively, shares of common stock and shares of Class A stock.
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $200,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. The public may read and copy any materials filed by us at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549 or on the Internet site maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the Public Reference Room. Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq National Market, and these reports, proxy statements, and other information are also available for inspection at the offices of the Nasdaq Stock Market, 1735 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006-1504.
This prospectus is part of a registration statement filed by us with the SEC. The full registration statement can be obtained from the SEC, as indicated above, or from us.
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with the SEC. This permits us to disclose important information to you by referring to these filed documents. Any information referred to in
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| • | our amended Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2003 filed with the SEC on December 14, 2004; | |
| • | our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 filed with the SEC on May 6, 2004, for the quarter ended June 30, 2004 filed with the SEC on August 5, 2004, and for the quarter ended September 30, 2004 filed with the SEC on November 8, 2004; and | |
| • | our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2004, April 28, 2004, July 27, 2004 (as to Item 5 only), November 12, 2004, November 17, 2004, December 13, 2004, December 17, 2004, January 6, 2005, January 11, 2005 and February 4, 2005. | |
Any information in any of the foregoing documents will automatically be deemed to be modified or superceded to the extent that information in this prospectus or in a later filed document that is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein by reference modifies or replaces such information.
We also incorporate by reference any future filings (other than current reports furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits filed on such form that are related to such items) made with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), until we file a post-effective amendment which indicates the termination of the offering of the securities made by this prospectus. Information in such future filings updates and supplements the information provided in this prospectus. Any statements in any such future filings will automatically be deemed to modify and supercede any information in any document we previously filed with the SEC that is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein by reference to the extent that statements in the later filed document modify or replace such earlier statements.
We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, without charge upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, other than exhibits which are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents. Requests should be directed to the Investor Relations Department at Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591 or by calling us at 914-345-7400.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Some of the forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking words including, but not limited to, “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates” or “anticipates” or the negative of those words or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. A number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to:
| • | our anticipated business strategies; | |
| • | our ongoing and anticipated clinical trials; | |
| • | our intention to introduce new product candidates; | |
| • | our ability to conduct clinical trials and obtain regulatory approval of our product candidates; | |
| • | our relationships with collaborators; | |
| • | anticipated trends in our businesses; and | |
| • | future capital expenditures. |
You should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Except to the extent required by federal securities laws, we do not intend to update forward-looking information or to release the results of any future revisions we may make to forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
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REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company that discovers, develops, and intends to commercialize pharmaceutical products for the treatment of serious medical conditions. Our clinical and preclinical pipeline includes product candidates for the treatment of cancer, diseases of the eye, rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions, allergies, asthma, obesity, and other diseases and disorders. Developing and commercializing new medicines entails significant risk and expense. Since inception we have not generated any sales or profits from the commercialization of any of our product candidates.
Our clinical candidates, as of September 30, 2004, include the VEGF Trap, interleukin-1 Trap (IL-1 Trap), interleukin-4/interleukin-13 Trap (IL-4/13 Trap), and AXOKINE®. The VEGF Trap is a protein-based product candidate designed to bind Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (called VEGF, also known as Vascular Permeability Factor or VPF) and the related Placental Growth Factor (called PlGF), and prevent their interaction with cell surface receptors. VEGF (and to a less validated degree, PlGF) is required for the growth of new blood vessels that are needed for tumors to grow and is a potent regulator of vascular permeability and leakage. The IL-1 Trap is a protein-based product candidate designed to bind the interleukin-1 (called IL-1) cytokine and prevent its interaction with cell surface receptors. IL-1 is thought to play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases. The IL-4/13 Trap is a protein-based product candidate designed to bind both the interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 (called IL-4 and IL-13) cytokines and prevent their interaction with cell surface receptors. IL-4 and IL-13 are thought to play a major role in diseases such as asthma, allergic disorders, and other inflammatory diseases. AXOKINE is a protein-based product candidate designed to act on the brain region regulating appetite and energy expenditure. AXOKINE is being developed for the treatment of obesity.
Our core business strategy is to combine our strong foundation in basic scientific research and discovery-enabling technology with our manufacturing and clinical development capabilities to build a successful, integrated biopharmaceutical company. Our efforts have yielded a diverse and growing pipeline of product candidates that have the potential to address a variety of serious medical conditions. We believe that our ability to develop product candidates is enhanced by the application of our technology platforms. These platforms are designed to discover specific genes of therapeutic interest for a particular disease or cell type and validate targets through high-throughput production of mammalian models. We continue to invest in the development of enabling technologies to assist in our efforts to identify, develop, and commercialize new product candidates. Our web address is www.regeneron.com. You should not consider the information on our website to be a part of this prospectus.
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RISK FACTORS
We operate in an environment that involves a number of significant risks and uncertainties. We caution you to read the following risk factors, which have affected, and/or in the future could affect, our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows. The risks described below include forward-looking statements, and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. Furthermore, additional risks and uncertainties are included in our most recent annual and quarterly report filings with the SEC and other documents incorporated herein by reference and should be considered by our investors.
Risks Related to Our Financial Results and Need for Additional Financing
| We have had a history of operating losses and we may never achieve profitability. If we continue to incur operating losses, we may be unable to continue our operations. |
From inception on January 8, 1988 through September 30, 2004, we had a cumulative loss of $492.6 million. If we continue to incur operating losses and fail to become a profitable company, we may be unable to continue our operations. We have no products that are available for sale and do not know when we will have products available for sale, if ever. In the absence of revenue from the sale of products or other sources, the amount, timing, nature or source of which cannot be predicted, our losses will continue as we conduct our research and development activities. We currently receive contract manufacturing revenue from our agreement with Merck & Co., Inc. and contract research and development revenue from our agreements with The Procter & Gamble Company and Serono International S.A. All three of these agreements are scheduled to expire, unless extended by mutual agreement, before the end of 2005. We can provide no assurance that all or any of these agreements will be extended. Failure to extend these agreements may negatively impact our business, financial condition or results of operations.
| We will need additional funding in the future, which may not be available to us, and which may force us to delay, reduce or eliminate our product development programs or commercialization efforts. |
We will need to expend substantial resources for research and development, including costs associated with clinical testing of our product candidates. We believe our existing capital resources will enable us to meet operating needs through at least the end of 2006; however, our projected revenue may decrease or our expenses may increase and that would lead to our capital being consumed significantly before such time. We will likely require additional financing in the future and we may not be able to raise such additional funds. If we are able to obtain additional financing through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, such sales may be dilutive to our shareholders. Debt financing arrangements may require us to pledge certain assets or enter into covenants that would restrict certain business activities or our ability to incur further indebtedness and may contain other terms that are not favorable to our shareholders. If we are unable to raise sufficient funds to complete the development of our product candidates, we may face delay, reduction or elimination of our research and development programs or preclinical or clinical trials, in which case our business, financial condition or results of operations may be materially harmed.
| We have a significant amount of debt and may have insufficient cash to satisfy our debt service and repayment obligations. In addition, the amount of our debt could impede our operations and flexibility. |
We have a significant amount of convertible debt and semi-annual interest payment obligations. This debt, unless converted to shares of our common stock, will mature in October 2008. We may be unable to generate sufficient cash flow or otherwise obtain funds necessary to make required payments on our debt. Even if we are able to meet our debt service obligations, the amount of debt we already have could hurt our ability to obtain any necessary financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements or other purposes. In addition, our debt obligations could require us to use a substantial portion of cash to pay principal and interest on our debt, instead of applying those funds to other purposes, such as research and development, working capital, and capital expenditures.
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Risks Related to Development of Our Product Candidates
| Successful development of any of our product candidates is highly uncertain. |
Only a small minority of all research and development programs ultimately result in commercially successful drugs. We have never developed a drug that has been approved for marketing and sale, and we may never succeed in developing an approved drug. Even if clinical trials demonstrate safety and effectiveness of any of our product candidates for a specific disease and the necessary regulatory approvals are obtained, the commercial success of any of our product candidates will depend upon their acceptance by patients, the medical community, and third-party payors and on our and our partners’ ability to successfully manufacture and commercialize our product candidates. Our product candidates are delivered either by intravenous or subcutaneous injections, which are generally less well received by patients than tablet or capsule delivery. If our products are not successfully commercialized, we will not be able to recover the significant investment we have made in developing such products and our business would be severely harmed.
| Clinical trials required for our product candidates are expensive and time-consuming, and their outcome is highly uncertain. If any of our drug trials are delayed or achieve unfavorable results, we will have to delay or may be unable to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates. |
We must conduct extensive testing of our product candidates before we can obtain regulatory approval to market and sell them. We need to conduct both preclinical animal testing and human clinical trials. Conducting these trials is a lengthy, time-consuming, and expensive process. These tests and trials may not achieve favorable results for many reasons, including, among others, failure of the product candidate to demonstrate safety or efficacy, the development of serious or life-threatening adverse events (or side effects) caused by or connected with exposure to the product candidate, difficulty in enrolling and maintaining subjects in the clinical trial, lack of sufficient supplies of the product candidate, and the failure of clinical investigators, trial monitors and other consultants, or trial subjects to comply with the trial plan or protocol. A clinical trial may also fail because it did not include a sufficient number of patients to detect the endpoint being measured or reach statistical significance. For example, the trials studying the maintenance of weight loss following short-term treatment regimens with AXOKINE did not enroll a sufficient number of patients to detect statistically significant differences between patients treated with AXOKINE and those taking placebo. These trials were designed before we had access to the data from the completed pivotal phase 3 AXOKINE trial, which demonstrated that the magnitude of the average difference in weight loss observed between all AXOKINE-treated subjects and those taking placebo was small.
We will need to reevaluate any drug candidate that does not test favorably and either conduct new trials, which are expensive and time consuming, or abandon the drug development program. Even if we obtain positive results from preclinical or clinical trials, we may not achieve the same success in future trials. Many companies in the biopharmaceutical industry, including us, have suffered significant setbacks in clinical trials, even after promising results have been obtained in earlier trials. The failure of clinical trials to demonstrate safety and effectiveness for our desired indications could harm the development of the product candidate, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially harmed.
| The development of serious or life-threatening side effects with any of our product candidates would lead to delay or discontinuation of development, which could severely harm our business. |
During the conduct of clinical trials, patients report changes in their health, including illnesses, injuries, and discomforts, to their study doctor. Often, it is not possible to determine whether or not the drug candidate being studied caused these conditions. Various illnesses, injuries, and discomforts have been reported from time-to-time during clinical trials of our product candidates. Although our current drug candidates appeared to be generally well tolerated in clinical trials conducted to date, it is possible as we test any of them in larger, longer, and more extensive clinical programs, illnesses, injuries, and discomforts that were observed in earlier trials, as well as conditions that did not occur or went undetected in smaller previous trials, will be reported by patients. If additional clinical experience indicates that any of our product candidates has many side effects or
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Our VEGF Trap is being studied for the potential treatment of certain types of cancer and diseases of the eye. There are many potential safety concerns associated with significant blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor, or VEGF. These safety concerns may limit our ability to successfully develop the VEGF Trap.
Genentech, Inc. and Eyetech Pharmaceuticals, Inc. are developing VEGF inhibiting molecules for certain diseases of the eye that will be delivered by direct administration to the eye. We plan to study the VEGF Trap for the potential treatment of certain diseases of the eye through intravitreal injections in the eye and are conducting trials of the VEGF Trap utilizing systemic administration through intravenous infusions or subcutaneous injections. Although we believe that there are potential clinical advantages to systemic administration over injections directly in the eye (including patient comfort and acceptance), there are unique potential risks to patients associated with the systemic blockade of VEGF by intravenous infusions or subcutaneous injections that could limit or end the VEGF Trap development program. These risks, based on the clinical and preclinical experience of systemically delivered VEGF inhibitors, include bleeding, hypertension, and proteinuria. Certain of these serious side effects and other serious side effects have been reported in our VEGF Trap studies. In addition, patients given infusions of any protein, including the VEGF Trap, may develop severe hypersensitivity reactions, referred to as infusion reactions. There may be additional complications or side effects that could harm the development of the VEGF Trap for either the treatment of cancer or diseases of the eye.
| Our product candidates in development are recombinant proteins that could cause an immune response, resulting in the creation of harmful or neutralizing antibodies against the therapeutic protein. |
In addition to the safety, efficacy, manufacturing, and regulatory hurdles faced by our product candidates, the administration of recombinant proteins frequently causes an immune response, resulting in the creation of antibodies against the therapeutic protein. The antibodies can have no effect or can totally neutralize the effectiveness of the protein, or require that higher doses be used to obtain a therapeutic effect. In some cases, the antibody can cross react with the patient’s own proteins, resulting in an “auto-immune” type disease. Whether antibodies will be created can often not be predicted from preclinical or clinical experiments, and their appearance is often delayed, so that there can be no assurance that neutralizing antibodies will not be created at a later date — in some cases even after pivotal clinical trials have been completed. Approximately two-thirds of the subjects who received AXOKINE in the completed phase 3 study developed neutralizing antibodies. In addition, subjects who received the IL-1 Trap in clinical trials have developed antibodies. It is possible that as we test the VEGF Trap in different patient populations and larger clinical trials, subjects given the VEGF Trap will develop antibodies to the product candidate.
| A previous phase 3 study evaluating AXOKINE demonstrated modest average weight loss over a 12-month period. In addition, a completed phase 2 study evaluating the IL-1 Trap in patients with rheumatoid arthritis failed to achieve its primary endpoint. |
In March 2003, we reported data from the 12-month treatment period of our initial phase 3 pivotal trial of AXOKINE. Although the phase 3 study met its primary endpoints and individuals achieved a medically meaningful weight loss, the average weight loss was small and limited by the development of antibodies.
In October 2003, we reported results from the first phase 2 trial of our IL-1 Trap in rheumatoid arthritis. We plan to conduct a phase 2b study of the IL-1 Trap in a larger patient population, testing higher doses than were tested in the previous phase 2 trial for a longer period of time. We plan to study higher doses of the IL-1 Trap through subcutaneous injections and intravenous delivery. However, higher doses may not lead to better results than were demonstrated in the previous phase 2 trial. In addition, safety or tolerability concerns may arise which limit our ability to deliver higher doses of the IL-1 Trap to patients. The dose levels that will be tested are substantially higher than the dose levels of other biological therapeutics currently approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Either approach may affect the safety and/or tolerability of the IL-1 Trap, which may limit its commercial potential if the product candidate is ever approved for marketing and sale.
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Regulatory and Litigation Risks
| If we do not obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, we will not be able to market or sell them. |
We cannot sell or market products without regulatory approval. If we do not obtain and maintain regulatory approval for our product candidates, the value of our company and our results of operations will be harmed. In the United States, we must obtain and maintain approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for each drug we intend to sell. Obtaining FDA approval is typically a lengthy and expensive process, and approval is highly uncertain. Foreign governments also regulate drugs distributed in their country and approval in any country is likely to be a lengthy and expensive process, and approval is highly uncertain. None of our product candidates has ever received regulatory approval to be marketed and sold in the United States or any other country. We may never receive regulatory approval for any of our product candidates.
| If the testing or use of our products harms people, we could be subject to costly and damaging product liability claims. We could also face costly and damaging claims arising from employment law, securities law, environmental law or other applicable laws governing our operations. |
The testing, manufacturing, marketing, and sale of drugs for use in people expose us to product liability risk. We are currently involved in a product liability lawsuit brought by a subject who participated in a clinical trial of one of our drug candidates. Any informed consent or waivers obtained from people who sign up for our clinical trials may not protect us from liability or the cost of litigation. Our product liability insurance may not cover all potential liabilities or may not completely cover any liability arising from any such litigation. Moreover, we may not have access to liability insurance or be able to maintain our insurance on acceptable terms.
In May 2003, securities class action lawsuits were commenced against us and certain of our officers and directors in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. A consolidated amended class action complaint was filed in October 2003. The complaint, which purports to be brought on behalf of a class consisting of investors in our publicly traded securities between March 28, 2000 and March 30, 2003, alleges that the defendants misstated or omitted material information concerning the safety and efficacy of AXOKINE, in violation of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. Damages are sought in an unspecified amount. We have not established a reserve for damages because we do not believe that a loss is probable. However, if the outcome of the litigation is adverse to us, we could be subject to significant liability, which could exceed our insurance coverage.
| Our operations may involve hazardous materials and are subject to environmental, health, and safety laws and regulations. We may incur substantial liability arising from our activities involving the use of hazardous materials. |
As a biopharmaceutical company with significant manufacturing operations, we are subject to extensive environmental, health, and safety laws and regulations, including those governing the use of hazardous materials. Our research and development and manufacturing activities involve the controlled use of chemicals, viruses, radioactive compounds, and other hazardous materials. The cost of compliance with environmental, health, and safety regulations is substantial. If an accident involving these materials or an environmental discharge were to occur, we could be held liable for any resulting damages, or face regulatory actions, which could exceed our resources or insurance coverage.
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Risks Related to Our Dependence on Third Parties
| On February 27, 2004, Novartis Pharma AG provided notice to us that they would not participate in the continued development and commercialization of the IL-1 Trap under our collaboration agreement. This may harm our ability to develop and commercialize the IL-1 Trap. |
We relied heavily on Novartis to provide their expertise, resources, funding, manufacturing capacity, clinical expertise, and commercial infrastructure to support the IL-1 Trap program. Novartis’ decision to withdraw from participating in the development and commercialization of the IL-1 Trap may delay or disrupt the IL-1 Trap program. We do not have the resources and skills to replace those of Novartis, which could result in significant delays in the development and potential commercialization of the IL-1 Trap. In addition, we will have to fund the development and commercialization of the IL-1 Trap without Novartis’ long-term commitment, which will require substantially greater expenditures on our part.
| If our collaboration with Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the VEGF Trap is terminated, our business operations and our ability to develop, manufacture, and commercialize the VEGF Trap in the time expected, or at all, would be harmed. |
We rely heavily on Aventis to assist with the development of the VEGF Trap. If the VEGF Trap program continues, we will rely on Aventis to assist with funding the VEGF Trap program, providing commercial manufacturing capacity, enrolling and monitoring clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approval, particularly outside the United States, and providing sales and marketing support. While we cannot assure you that the VEGF Trap will ever be successfully developed and commercialized, if Aventis does not perform its obligations in a timely manner, or at all, our ability to develop, manufacture, and commercialize the VEGF Trap will be significantly adversely affected. Aventis has the right to terminate its collaboration agreement with us at any time. If Aventis were to terminate its collaboration agreement with us, we might not have the resources or skills to replace those of our partner, which could cause significant delays in the development and/or manufacture of the VEGF Trap and result in substantial additional costs to us. We have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and would have to develop or outsource these capabilities. Termination of the Aventis collaboration agreement would create new and additional risks to the successful development of the VEGF Trap.
Sanofi-Synthelabo recently acquired Aventis, forming the sanofi-aventis Group. At present, it is unclear what impact, if any, this business combination will have on the VEGF Trap collaboration, including the possibility of a termination of the collaboration agreement and a delay in, or disruption to, the VEGF Trap development program.
| Our collaborators and service providers may fail to perform adequately in their efforts to support the development, manufacture, and commercialization of our drug candidates. |
We depend upon third-party collaborators, including Aventis and service providers such as clinical research organizations, outside testing laboratories, clinical investigator sites, and third party manufacturers and product packagers and labelers, to assist us in the development of our product candidates. If any of our existing collaborators or service providers breaches or terminates its agreement with us or does not perform its development or manufacturing services under an agreement in a timely manner or at all, we would experience additional costs, delays, and difficulties in the development or ultimate commercialization of our product candidates.
Risks Related to the Manufacture of Our Product Candidates
| We have limited manufacturing capacity, which could inhibit our ability to successfully develop or commercialize our drugs. |
Before approving a new drug or biologic product, the FDA requires that the facilities at which the product will be manufactured be in compliance with current good manufacturing practices, or cGMP requirements. Manufacturing product candidates in compliance with these regulatory requirements is complex, time-
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Our manufacturing facility is likely to be inadequate to produce sufficient quantities of product for commercial sale. We intend to rely on our corporate collaborators, as well as contract manufacturers, to produce the large quantities of drug material needed for commercialization of our products. We rely entirely on third party manufacturers for filling and finishing services. We will have to depend on these manufacturers to deliver material on a timely basis and to comply with regulatory requirements. If we are unable to supply sufficient material on acceptable terms, or if we should encounter delays or difficulties in our relationships with our corporate collaborators or contract manufacturers, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially harmed.
We may expand our own manufacturing capacity to support commercial production of active pharmaceutical ingredients, or API, for our product candidates. This will require substantial additional funds, and we will need to hire and train significant numbers of employees and managerial personnel to staff our facility. Start-up costs can be large and scale-up entails significant risks related to process development and manufacturing yields. We may be unable to develop manufacturing facilities that are sufficient to produce drug material for clinical trials or commercial use. In addition, we may be unable to secure adequate filling and finishing services to support our products. As a result, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially harmed.
We may be unable to obtain key raw materials and supplies for the manufacture of our product candidates. In addition, we may face difficulties in developing or acquiring production technology and managerial personnel to manufacture sufficient quantities of our product candidates at reasonable costs and in compliance with applicable quality assurance and environmental regulations and governmental permitting requirements.
| If any of our clinical programs are discontinued, we may face costs related to the unused capacity at our manufacturing facilities. |
We maintain an 8,000 square foot manufacturing facility in Tarrytown, New York and have large-scale manufacturing operations in Rensselaer, New York. Under a long-term manufacturing agreement with Merck, which expires in October 2005 unless extended by mutual agreement, we produce an intermediate for a Merck pediatric vaccine at our facility in Rensselaer, New York. We also use our facilities to produce API for our own clinical and preclinical candidates. If we no longer use our facilities to manufacture the Merck intermediate or clinical candidates are discontinued, we would have to absorb overhead costs and inefficiencies.
| Certain of our raw materials are single-sourced from third parties; third-party supply failures could adversely affect our ability to supply our products. |
Certain raw materials necessary for manufacturing and formulation of our product candidates are provided by single-source unaffiliated third-party suppliers. We would be unable to obtain these raw materials for an indeterminate period of time if these third-party single-source suppliers were to cease or interrupt production or otherwise fail to supply these materials or products to us for any reason, including due to regulatory requirements or action, due to adverse financial developments at or affecting the supplier or due to labor shortages or disputes. This, in turn, could materially and adversely affect our ability to manufacture our product candidates for use in clinical trials, which could materially and adversely affect our operating results.
Also, certain of the raw materials required in the manufacturing and the formulation of our clinical candidates may be derived from biological sources, including mammalian tissues, bovine serum, and human serum albumin. There are certain European regulatory restrictions on using these biological source materials.
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Risks Related to Commercialization of Products
| If we are unable to establish sales, marketing, and distribution capabilities, or enter into agreements with third parties to do so, we will be unable to successfully market and sell future products. |
We have no sales or distribution personnel or capabilities and have only a small staff with marketing capabilities. If we are unable to obtain those capabilities, either by developing our own organizations or entering into agreements with service providers, we will not be able to successfully sell any products that we may bring to market in the future. In that event, we will not be able to generate significant revenue, even if our product candidates are approved. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to hire the qualified sales and marketing personnel we need or that we will be able to enter into marketing or distribution agreements with third-party providers on acceptable terms, if at all. Under the terms of our collaboration agreement with Aventis, we currently rely on Aventis for sales, marketing, and distribution of the VEGF Trap, should it be approved in the future by regulatory authorities for marketing. We will have to rely on a third party or devote significant resources to develop our own sales, marketing, and distribution capabilities for our other product candidates, and we may be unsuccessful in developing our own sales, marketing, and distribution organization.
| We may be unable to formulate or manufacture our product candidates in a way that is suitable for clinical or commercial use. |
Changes in product formulations and manufacturing processes may be required as product candidates progress in clinical development and are ultimately commercialized. If we are unable to develop suitable product formulations or manufacturing processes to support large scale clinical testing of our product candidates, including the VEGF Trap, IL-1 Trap, IL-4/13 Trap, and AXOKINE, we may be unable to supply necessary materials for our clinical trials, which would delay the development of our product candidates. Similarly, if we are unable to supply sufficient quantities of our product or develop product formulations suitable for commercial use, we will not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. For example, we are in the process of developing formulations that would allow delivery of higher doses of the IL-1 Trap to test in clinical trials. The dose levels that will be tested are substantially higher than the dose levels of other biological therapeutics currently approved for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Separate new formulations will be used for subcutaneous and intravenous administration of the higher dose therapeutic. If we are unable to develop or manufacture such a higher dose formulation that can be produced in a cost-effective manner, potential future IL-1 Trap sales and profitability may be limited.
| Even if our product candidates are ever approved, their commercial success is highly uncertain because our competitors may get to the marketplace before we do with better or lower cost drugs. |
There is substantial competition in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries from pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and chemical companies. Many of our competitors have substantially greater research, preclinical and clinical product development and manufacturing capabilities, and financial, marketing, and human resources than we do. Our smaller competitors may also enhance their competitive position if they acquire or discover patentable inventions, form collaborative arrangements or merge with large pharmaceutical companies. Even if we achieve product commercialization, our competitors have achieved, and may continue to achieve, product commercialization before our products are approved for marketing and sale. Genentech has an approved VEGF antagonist on the market and many different pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are working to develop competing VEGF antagonists, including Novartis, Eyetech Pharmaceuticals, and Pfizer Inc. Many of these molecules are farther along in development than the VEGF Trap and may offer competitive advantages over our molecule. The marketing approval for Genentech’s VEGF antagonist, AvastinTM, may make it more difficult for us to enroll patients in clinical trials to support the VEGF Trap. This may delay or impair our ability to successfully develop and commercialize the VEGF Trap.
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The markets for both rheumatoid arthritis and asthma are both very competitive. Several highly successful medicines are available for these diseases. Examples include the TNF-antagonists Enbrel® (a registered trademark of Amgen Inc.), Remicade® (a registered trademark of Centocor Inc.), and Humira® (a registered trademark of Abbott Laboratories) for rheumatoid arthritis, and the leukotriene-modifier Singulair® (a registered trademark of Merck), as well as various inexpensive corticosteroid medicines for asthma. The availability of highly effective FDA approved TNF-antagonists makes it more difficult to successfully develop the IL-1 Trap for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, since it will be difficult to enroll patients with rheumatoid arthritis to participate in clinical trials of the IL-1 Trap. This may delay or impair our ability to successfully develop the drug candidate. In addition, even if the IL-1 Trap is ever approved for sale, it will be difficult for our drug to compete against these FDA approved TNF-antagonists because doctors and patients will have significant experience using these effective medicines. Moreover, these approved therapeutics may offer competitive advantages over the IL-1 Trap, such as requiring fewer injections. In addition, there are both small molecules and antibodies in development by third parties that are designed to block the synthesis of interleukin-1 or inhibit the signaling of interleukin-1. These drug candidates could offer competitive advantages over the IL-1 Trap. The successful development of these competing molecules could delay or impair our ability to successfully develop and commercialize the IL-1 Trap.
There is also substantial competition in the discovery and development of treatments for obesity, as well as established, cost-effective, and emerging surgical, prescription, and over-the-counter treatments for the disease that may offer competitive advantages over AXOKINE. AXOKINE is available only in injectable form, while the currently available marketed medicines for the treatment of obesity, and a late-stage product candidate in development by sanofi-aventis Group, are delivered in pill form, which is generally favored over injectable medicines. Therefore, even if AXOKINE is approved for sale, the fact that it must be delivered by injection may severely limit its market acceptance among patients and physicians.
| The successful commercialization of our product candidates will depend on obtaining coverage and reimbursement for use of these products from third-party payors. |
Sales of biopharmaceutical products largely depend on the reimbursement of patients’ medical expenses by government health care programs and private health insurers. Without the financial support of the governments or third-party payors, the market for any biopharmaceutical product will be limited. These third-party payors increasingly challenge the price and examine the cost-effectiveness of products and services. Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of any new therapeutic, particularly if there exist lower-cost standards of care. Third-party payors may not reimburse sales of our products, which would harm our business.
Risk Related to Employees
| We are dependent on our key personnel and if we cannot recruit and retain leaders in our research, development, manufacturing, and commercial organizations, our business will be harmed. |
We are highly dependent on our executive officers. If we are not able to retain any of these persons or our Chairman, our business may suffer. In particular, we depend on the services of Roy Vagelos, M.D., the Chairman of our Board of Directors, Leonard Schleifer, M.D., Ph.D., our President and Chief Executive Officer, and George D. Yancopoulos, M.D., Ph.D., our Executive Vice President, Chief Scientific Officer and President, Regeneron Research Laboratories. There is intense competition in the biotechnology industry for qualified scientists and managerial personnel in the development, manufacture, and commercialization of drugs. We may not be able to continue to attract and retain the qualified personnel necessary for developing our business.
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Risks Related to Intellectual Property
| If we cannot protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets or our patents are insufficient to protect our proprietary rights, our business and competitive position will be harmed. |
Our business requires using sensitive and proprietary technology and other information that we protect as trade secrets. We seek to prevent improper disclosure of these trade secrets through confidentiality agreements. If our trade secrets are improperly exposed, either by our own employees or our collaborators, it would help our competitors and adversely affect our business. We will be able to protect our proprietary rights from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that our rights are covered by valid and enforceable patents or are effectively maintained as trade secrets. The patent position of biotechnology companies involves complex legal and factual questions and, therefore, enforceability cannot be predicted with certainty. Our patents may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. Patent applications filed outside the United States may be challenged by third parties who file an opposition. Such opposition proceedings are increasingly common in the European Union and are costly to defend. We have patent applications that are being opposed and it is likely that we will need to defend additional patent applications in the future. Our patent rights may not provide us with a proprietary position or competitive advantages against competitors. Furthermore, even if the outcome is favorable to us, the enforcement of our intellectual property rights can be expensive and time consuming.
| We may be restricted in our development and/or commercialization activities by third party patents. |
Our commercial success depends significantly on our ability to operate without infringing the patents and other proprietary rights of third parties. Other parties may allege that they have blocking patents to our Trap products in clinical development, either because they claim to hold proprietary rights to fusion proteins or proprietary rights to components of the Trap or the way it is manufactured. We are aware of certain United States and foreign patents relating to particular IL-4 and IL-13 receptors. Our IL-4/13 Trap includes portions of the IL-4 and IL-13 receptors. In addition, we are aware of a broad patent held by Genentech relating to proteins fused to certain immunoglobulin domains. Our Trap product candidates include proteins fused to immunoglobulin domains. Although we do not believe that we are infringing valid and enforceable third party patents, the holders of these patents may sue us for infringement and a court may find that we are infringing one or more validly issued patents, which may materially harm our business.
Any patent holders could sue us for damages and seek to prevent us from manufacturing, selling or developing our drug candidates, and a court may find that we are infringing validly issued patents of third parties. In the event that the manufacture, use or sale of any of our clinical candidates infringes on the patents or violates other proprietary rights of third parties, we may be prevented from pursuing product development, manufacturing, and commercialization of our drugs and may be required to pay costly damages. Such a result may materially harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Legal disputes are likely to be costly and time consuming to defend.
We seek to obtain licenses to patents when, in our judgment, such licenses are needed. If any licenses are required, we may not be able to obtain such licenses on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. The failure to obtain any such license could prevent us from developing or commercializing any one or more of our product candidates, which could severely harm our business.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
| Our stock price may be extremely volatile. |
There has been significant volatility in our stock price and generally in the market prices of biotechnology companies’ securities. Various factors and events may have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock. These factors include, by way of example:
| • | progress, delays or adverse results in clinical trials; | |
| • | announcement of technological innovations or product candidates by us or competitors; |
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| • | fluctuations in our operating results; | |
| • | public concern as to the safety or effectiveness of our product candidates; | |
| • | developments in our relationship with collaborative partners; | |
| • | developments in the biotechnology industry or in government regulation of healthcare; | |
| • | large sales of our common stock by our executive officers, directors or significant shareholders; | |
| • | arrivals and departures of key personnel; and | |
| • | general market conditions. |
The trading price of our common stock has been, and could continue to be, subject to wide fluctuations in response to these and other factors, including the sale or attempted sale of a large amount of our common stock in the market. Broad market fluctuations may also adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
| Future sales of our common stock by our significant shareholders or us may depress our stock price and impair our ability to raise funds in new share offerings. |
A small number of our shareholders beneficially own a substantial amount of our common stock. As of December 6, 2004, our six largest shareholders, which include Aventis and Novartis, beneficially owned 47.5% of our outstanding common shares, assuming, in the case of Leonard S. Schleifer, M.D., Ph.D, our chief executive officer, the exercise of all options held by him which are exercisable within 60 days of December 6, 2004. As of that date, Novartis owned 7,527,050 shares of common stock, representing approximately 13.5% of the common shares then outstanding. Under our registration rights agreement with Novartis, these shares of common stock may generally not be sold or otherwise transferred by Novartis until after March 28, 2005. As described under the caption “Registration Rights of One of Our Shareholders” found on page 15 of this prospectus, commencing after March 28, 2005, Novartis has certain registration rights with respect to these shares. As of December 6, 2004, Aventis owned 2,799,522 shares of common stock, representing approximately 5.0% of the common shares then outstanding. Under our stock purchase agreement with Aventis, these shares may generally not be sold or otherwise transferred until after September 5, 2005, and for one year after that date, Aventis may sell no more than 250,000 shares in any calendar quarter. After September 5, 2006, Aventis may sell no more than 500,000 shares in any calendar quarter. Accordingly, in 2005 and thereafter, as the restrictions on transfer applicable to the shares of common stock owned by Novartis and Aventis expire, these shares will be freely tradeable in the public market, subject, in the case of Aventis, to the foregoing continuing contractual sales volume restrictions. If Novartis or Aventis, or our other significant shareholders or we, sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur exists, the market price of our common stock could fall. Sales by our significant shareholders, including Aventis and Novartis, also might make it more difficult for us to raise funds by selling equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.
| Our existing shareholders may be able to exert significant influence over matters requiring shareholder approval. |
Holders of Class A stock, who are the shareholders who purchased their stock from us before our initial public offering, are entitled to ten votes per share, while holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share. As of December 6, 2004, holders of Class A stock held 4.2% of all shares of common stock and Class A stock then outstanding, and had 30.6% of the combined voting power of all common shares. These shareholders, if acting together, would be in a position to significantly influence the election of our directors and to effect or prevent certain corporate transactions that require majority or supermajority approval of the combined classes, including mergers and other business combinations. This may result in our company taking
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| • | our current officers and directors beneficially owned 14.8% of our outstanding common shares and 34.3% of the combined voting power of our common shares, assuming the exercise of all options held by such persons which are exercisable within 60 days of December 6, 2004; and | |
| • | our six largest shareholders beneficially owned 47.5% of our outstanding common shares and 54.5% of the combined voting power of our common shares, assuming, in the case of Leonard S. Schleifer, M.D., Ph.D, our chief executive officer, the exercise of all options held by him which are exercisable within 60 days of December 6, 2004. |
| The anti-takeover effects of provisions of our charter, by-laws and our rights agreement, and of New York corporate law, could deter, delay or prevent an acquisition or other “change in control” of us and could adversely affect the price of our common stock. |
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our by-laws, our rights agreement and the New York Business Corporation Law contain various provisions that could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company or our management that shareholders may consider favorable or beneficial. Some of these provisions could discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other shareholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. These provisions include:
| • | authorization to issue “blank check” preferred stock, which is preferred stock that can be created and issued by the board of directors without prior shareholder approval, with rights senior to those of our common shareholders; | |
| • | a staggered board of directors, so that it would take three successive annual meetings to replace all of our directors; | |
| • | a requirement that removal of directors may only be effected for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of at least eighty percent (80%) of the outstanding shares entitled to vote for directors, as well as a requirement that any vacancy on the board of directors may be filled only by the remaining directors; | |
| • | any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting, only if, prior to such action, all of our shareholders consent, the effect of which is to require that shareholder action may only be taken at a duly convened meeting; | |
| • | any shareholder seeking to bring business before an annual meeting of shareholders must provide timely notice of this intention in writing and meet various other requirements; and | |
| • | under the New York Business Corporation Law, a plan of merger or consolidation of the Company must be approved by 2/3 of the votes of all outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon. See the risk factor immediately above captioned “Our existing shareholders may be able to exert significant influence over matters requiring shareholder approval.” |
In addition, we have a shareholder rights plan which could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us without the support of our board of directors and principal shareholders. See “Description of Capital Stock-Rights Plan.” In addition, many of our stock options issued under our 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan may become fully vested in connection with a “change in control” of the Company, as defined in the plan.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless otherwise stated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds of any securities sold by us to fund pre-clinical and clinical development of our product candidates, to fund basic research activities, to continue development of our technology platforms, for capital expenditures, to redeem, repay or purchase our 5 1/2% convertible senior subordinated notes due October 17, 2008, and for general corporate purposes, including working capital, acquisitions, and other business opportunities.
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND
The following table sets forth our ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends, if any, for the periods presented. We had no preferred stock outstanding for any of these periods.
| Nine Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges
|
(A | ) | (A | ) | (A | ) | (A | ) | (A | ) | 4.43 | |||||||||||||
| (A) | Due to our losses in the years ended December 31, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003, the ratio coverage was less than 1:1 for those periods. We would have needed to generate additional earnings of $18.9 million, $17.1 million, $75.2 million, $124.6 million, and $107.6 million, for the years ended December 31, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively, to have achieved a coverage of 1:1. |
For purposes of computing these ratios, earnings represents net income (loss) before income taxes plus fixed charges. Combined fixed charges represent interest expense, capitalized interest, amortization of deferred financing costs, and such portion of rental expense, deemed representative of the interest factor. The denominator is increased for preferred stock dividend requirements, if any, which represent the amount of pre-tax earnings required to cover such dividend requirements.
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
This prospectus contains a summary of our common stock and Class A stock, preferred stock, debt securities, and warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock, and debt securities. These summaries are not meant to be a complete description of each security. The particular terms of any security to be issued pursuant hereto will be set forth in a related prospectus supplement. This prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement will contain the material terms and conditions for each security.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
Our authorized capital stock consists of 160,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, 40,000,000 shares of Class A stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 30,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of December 6, 2004, 53,384,650 shares of our common stock were outstanding and held by 621 shareholders of record and 2,358,373 shares of our Class A stock were outstanding and held by 56 shareholders of record. The following is a summary description of our capital stock. For more information, see our Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated June 21, 1991 and the amendments thereto.
| Common Stock and Class A Stock |
General. The rights of holders of common stock and holders of Class A stock are identical except for voting rights, conversion rights, and restrictions on transferability.
Voting Rights. The holders of Class A stock are entitled to ten votes per share and the holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share. Except as otherwise expressly provided by law, and subject to any voting rights provided to holders of preferred stock, holders of common shares have exclusive voting rights on all matters requiring a vote of shareholders. Except as provided by law, the holders of Class A stock and the holders of shares of common stock will vote together as a single class on all matters presented to the
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Transfer Restrictions. Class A stock is subject to certain limitations on transfer that do not apply to the common stock.
Dividends and Liquidation. Except as described in this paragraph, holders of Class A stock and holders of our common stock have an equal right to receive dividends when and if declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available therefor. If a dividend or distribution payable in Class A stock is made on the Class A stock, we must also make a pro rata and simultaneous dividend or distribution on the common stock payable in shares of common stock. Conversely, if a dividend or distribution payable in common stock is made on the common stock, we must also make a pro rata and simultaneous dividend or distribution on the Class A stock payable in shares of Class A stock. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of the shares of Class A stock and common stock are entitled to share equally, share-for-share, in the assets available for distribution after payment of all creditors and the liquidation preferences of our preferred stock.
Optional Conversion Rights. Each share of Class A stock may, at any time and at the option of the holder, be converted into one fully paid and nonassessable share of common stock. Upon conversion, such shares of common stock would not be subject to restrictions on transfer that applied to the shares of Class A stock prior to conversion except to the extent such restrictions are imposed under applicable securities laws. The shares of common stock are not convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Class A stock or any other of our shares or securities.
Other Provisions. Holders of Class A stock and common stock have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any additional securities of any class which we may issue and there are no redemption provisions or sinking fund provisions applicable to either such class, nor are our shares of Class A stock or the common stock subject to calls or assessments.
Nasdaq National Market Listing. Our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq National Market. The current rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (the “NASD”) effectively preclude the trading or quotation through the Nasdaq National Market of any securities of an issuer which has issued securities or taken other corporate action that would have the effect of nullifying, restricting or disparately reducing the per share voting of an outstanding class or classes of equity securities registered under section 12 of the Exchange Act. Certain national securities exchanges have adopted similar rules or policies. We do not intend to issue any additional shares of any stock that would make it ineligible for inclusion on the Nasdaq National Market or any national securities exchange. However, if we issue additional stock that causes us to become ineligible for continued inclusion on the Nasdaq National Market, then the ineligibility would be likely to materially reduce the liquidity of an investment in our common stock and would likely depress the market value of our common stock below that which would otherwise prevail.
Transfer Agent and Registrar. The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company.
| Preferred Stock |
The following is a description of certain general terms and provisions of our preferred stock. The particular terms of any series of preferred stock will be described in a prospectus supplement and the extent, if any, to which the general provisions set forth below may apply to the series of preferred stock so offered will be described in the prospectus supplement. The following description of the preferred stock does not purport to be complete. You should refer to the provisions of our Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated June 21, 1991 and the amendments thereto, and to the Certificate of Amendment to our Restated Certificate of Incorporation relating to a specific series of preferred stock which will be in the form filed with the SEC as an exhibit to, or incorporated by reference in, the registration statement which includes this prospectus.
General. Our Restated Certificate of Incorporation allows us to issue up to 30,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and as may be determined by our board of directors. As of December 31, 2004, no shares of our preferred stock were outstanding and 100,000 shares of our Series A Junior
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| • | the number of shares in that series; | |
| • | the designation for that series by number, letter or title that shall distinguish the series from any other series of preferred stock; | |
| • | the dividend rate (or method for determining the rate) for that series and whether dividends on that series of preferred stock will be cumulative, noncumulative or partially cumulative; | |
| • | any liquidation preference per share of that series of preferred stock; | |
| • | any conversion or exchange provisions applicable to that series of preferred stock; | |
| • | any redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to that series of preferred stock; | |
| • | any voting rights of that series of preferred stock; and | |
| • | the terms of any other preferences or rights applicable to that series of preferred stock. | |
Permanent Global Preferred Securities. A series of preferred stock may be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more global securities that will be deposited with a depositary or its nominee identified in the prospectus supplement relating to such series of preferred stock. The terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any series of preferred stock and the rights of and limitations on owners of beneficial interests in a global security representing a series of preferred stock will be described in the related prospectus supplement.
Transfer Agent and Registrar. The transfer agent and registrar for each series of preferred stock will be set forth in the prospectus supplement.
Anti-Take-Over Effects. Our board of directors may authorize, without shareholder approval, the issuance of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of holders of our common stock. Preferred stock could thus be issued quickly with terms designed to delay or prevent a change in control or to make the removal of management more difficult. In certain circumstances, this could have the effect of decreasing the market price of our common stock.
| Registration Rights of One of Our Shareholders |
One of our shareholders has registration rights. Under the registration rights agreement between us and such shareholder, after March 28, 2005, such shareholder (and certain of its transferees) may request that we file a registration statement under the Securities Act and, upon such request and subject to minimum size and other conditions, we will be required to use our best efforts to effect any such registration. We are not required to effect more than four such registrations. We are generally obligated to bear the expenses, other than underwriting discounts and sales commissions, of all of these registrations.
| Rights Plan |
General. In September 1996, we adopted a shareholder rights plan. Our rights agreement provides that each of our common shares will have attached to it one right which, when exercisable, entitles the registered
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Exercisability of Rights. The rights will not become exercisable until the earlier of:
| • | ten days following a public announcement that a person or group (other than specified exempted persons) has become the beneficial owner of 20% or more of our common shares then outstanding; or | |
| • | ten business days following the commencement of a tender or exchange offer that would result in a person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 20% or more of our common shares then outstanding. |
“Flip-In” Feature. In the event a person or group (other than specified exempted persons) becomes the beneficial owner of 20% or more of our common shares then outstanding, other than pursuant to a tender or exchange offer for all outstanding common shares at a price and on other terms which a majority of our non-officer directors determine to be fair to and otherwise in the best interests of our shareholders, each right will entitle the holder (except for such person or group, whose rights will automatically become null and void) to acquire, upon exercise of the right, shares of our common stock having a value equal to twice the exercise price of the right. For example, if we assume that the initial purchase price of $120 is in effect on the date that this “flip-in” feature of the right becomes applicable, each holder of a right, except for the person or group that has become the beneficial owner of 20% or more of our common shares then outstanding, can exercise a right by paying us $120 in order to receive from us common stock having a value equal to $240.
“Flip-Over” Feature. If, after a person or group (other than specified exempted persons) becomes the beneficial owner of 20% or more of our common shares, we engage in a merger or other business combination transaction and are not the surviving corporation, engage in a merger or other business combination in which we are the surviving corporation and our common shares are changed or exchanged, or 50% or more of our assets, cash flow or earning power is sold or transferred, then each holder of a right, except for the person or group that is the beneficial owner of 20% or more of our common shares then outstanding as described above, will have the right to receive, upon exercise of the right, shares of the acquiring company’s capital stock having a value equal to twice the exercise price of the right.
Redemption of Rights. Our board of directors may redeem the rights, at a redemption price of $.01 per right, at any time prior to the earlier of:
| • | ten days following the public disclosure that a person or group (other than specified exempted persons) has become the beneficial owner of 20% or more of our common shares then outstanding, or | |
| • | 5:00 p.m. New York City time on October 18, 2006, |
in which event the rights will terminate and the holders of the rights will have the right to receive only the redemption price for each right held.
Amendment of Rights. Except as described below in this paragraph, at any time before the rights become exercisable, our rights agreement may be supplemented or amended in any manner by our board of directors without the consent of the holders of common shares. After the rights become exercisable, except as described below in this paragraph, our board of directors may supplement or amend the rights agreement to cure any ambiguity, correct any defects, shorten or lengthen any time period, or make any other change that does not adversely affect the interests of holders of the rights (other than persons or groups (excluding specified exempted persons) beneficially owning 20% or more of our outstanding common shares), except that such no supplement or amendment may lengthen a time period relating to when the rights may be redeemed at a time when the rights are not redeemable or any other time period unless the lengthening is for the purpose of protecting, enhancing or clarifying the rights of, and/or the benefits to, the holders of the rights. In addition, no supplement or amendment of the rights agreement may change the redemption price for the rights, the final expiration date for the rights of October 18, 2006, the purchase price payable to exercise a right or the
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Expiration of Rights. If not previously exercised, the rights will expire at 5:00 p.m. New York City time on October 18, 2006, unless we redeem the rights earlier.
Anti-Takeover Effects. Our rights agreement may have anti-takeover effects. The rights may cause substantial dilution to a person or group that attempts to acquire us. Accordingly, the existence of the rights may deter acquirors from making takeover proposals or tender offers. However, the rights are not intended to prevent a takeover, but rather are designed to enhance the ability of our board to negotiate with an acquiror on behalf of all shareholders. The rights should not interfere with any merger or other business combination approved by our board of directors, since the board may redeem or amend the rights as described above, so that, in general, the rights would not be or become exercisable in connection with such an approved transaction. In addition, the rights should not interfere with a proxy contest.
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock. In connection with adopting our shareholder rights plan, our board of directors designated 100,000 shares of our authorized preferred stock as Series A junior participating preferred stock, none of which has been issued. Shares of our Series A junior participating preferred stock are issuable only if the rights become and continue to be exercisable, and are exercised, for Series A junior participating preferred stock in accordance with the rights agreement. If issued, each share of the Series A junior participating preferred stock:
| • | will be nonredeemable and junior to all other series of preferred stock, unless otherwise provided in the terms of those other series of preferred stock; | |
| • | will have a preferential quarterly dividend in an amount equal to the greater of $.01 or 1,000 times the aggregate per share amount of cash and non-cash dividends declared on our common shares; | |
| • | will have 1,000 votes, voting together with the common shares and any other capital stock with general voting rights; and | |
| • | in the event of any merger, consolidation or other transaction in which common shares are converted or exchanged, will be entitled to receive 1,000 times the amount and type of consideration received per common share. |
Upon and during specified dividend arrearages, the holders of Series A Participating Preferred Stock will also have the right, voting together as a single class with any other shares of preferred stock having such arrearages, to elect two directors. Upon liquidation, the holders of Series A junior participating preferred stock will be entitled to receive an aggregate preferred liquidation payment intended to equal 1000 times the then current purchase price payable to exercise a right, plus an amount equal to accrued and unpaid dividends and distributions on the Series A junior participating preferred stock, whether or not declared, to the date of such payment. The rights of our Series A junior participating preferred stock as to dividends, liquidation and voting, and in the event of mergers and consolidations, are protected by customary antidilution provisions.
| Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of the Charter and By-Laws, the Rights Agreement, and New York corporate law |
For a description of anti-takeover effects of various provisions of our charter, by-laws, our rights agreement and the New York Business Corporation Law, please see “RISK FACTORS — Risks Related To Common Stock — Our existing shareholders may be able to exert significant influence over matters requiring shareholder approval” and — “The anti-takeover effects of provisions of our charter, by-laws and our rights agreement, and of New York corporate law, could defer, delay or prevent an acquisition or other “change in control” of us and could adversely affect the price of our common stock”, found on pages 11 and 12 of this prospectus, and the description of our rights plan in the immediately preceding section under the caption “Rights Plan”.
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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
The following descriptions of the debt securities do not purport to be complete and are subject to and qualified in their entirety by reference to the indenture, a form of which has been filed with the SEC as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Any future supplemental indenture or similar document also will be so filed. You should read the indenture and any supplemental indenture or similar document because they, and not this description, define your rights as holder of our debt securities. All capitalized terms have the meanings specified in the indenture.
We may issue, from time to time, debt securities, in one or more series, that will consist of either our senior debt (“Senior Debt Securities”), our senior subordinated debt (“Senior Subordinated Debt Securities”), our subordinated debt (“Subordinated Debt Securities”) or our junior subordinated debt (“Junior Subordinated Debt Securities” and, together with the Senior Subordinated Debt Securities and the Subordinated Debt Securities, the “Subordinated Securities”). The debt securities we offer will be issued under an indenture between us and one or more financial institutions qualified under the Trust Indenture Act to act as trustee. We may appoint more than one trustee under the indenture, each with respect to one or more series of debt securities. Each such trustee shall be a corporation or banking association organized and doing business in the United States that has a combined capital and surplus of at least $10,000,000. Debt securities, whether senior, senior subordinated, subordinated or junior subordinated, may be issued as convertible debt securities or exchangeable debt securities.
| General Terms of the Indenture |
The indenture does not limit the amount of debt securities that we may issue. It provides that we may issue debt securities up to the principal amount that we may authorize and may be in any currency or currency unit designated by us. Except for the limitations on consolidation, merger, and sale of all or substantially all of our assets contained in the indenture, the terms of the indenture do not contain any covenants or other provisions designed to afford holders of any debt securities protection with respect to our operations, financial condition or transactions involving us.
We may issue the debt securities issued under the indenture as “discount securities,” which means they may be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. These debt securities, as well as other debt securities that are not issued at a discount, may, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, be treated as if they were issued with “original issue discount,” or “OID,” because of interest payment and other characteristics. Special U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to debt securities issued with original issue discount will be described in more detail in any applicable prospectus supplement.
The applicable prospectus supplement for a series of debt securities that we issue will describe, among other things, the following terms of the offered debt securities:
| • | the title; | |
| • | any limit on the aggregate principal amount; | |
| • | whether issued in fully registered form without coupons or in a form registered as to principal only with coupons or in bearer form with coupons; | |
| • | whether issued in the form of one or more global securities and whether all or a portion of the principal amount of the debt securities is represented thereby; | |
| • | the price or prices at which the debt securities will be issued; | |
| • | the date or dates on which principal is payable; | |
| • | the place or places where and the manner in which principal, premium or interest will be payable and the place or places where the debt securities may be presented for transfer and, if applicable, conversion or exchange; | |
| • | interest rates, and the dates from which interest, if any, will accrue, and the dates when interest is payable; | |
| • | the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of the extensions; |
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| • | our rights or obligations to redeem or purchase the debt securities, including sinking fund or partial redemption payments; | |
| • | conversion or exchange provisions, if any, including conversion or exchange prices or rates and adjustments thereto; | |
| • | the currency or currencies of payment of principal or interest; | |
| • | the terms applicable to any debt securities issued at a discount from their stated principal amount; | |
| • | the terms, if any, pursuant to which any debt securities will be subordinate to any of our other debt; | |
| • | if the amount of payments of principal or interest is to be determined by reference to an index or formula, or based on a coin or currency other than that in which the debt securities are stated to be payable, the manner in which these amounts are determined and the calculation agent, if any, with respect thereto; | |
| • | if other than the entire principal amount of the debt securities when issued, the portion of the principal amount payable upon acceleration of maturity as a result of a default on our obligations; | |
| • | if applicable, covenants affording holders of debt protection with respect to our operations, financial condition or transactions involving us; and | |
| • | any other specific terms of any debt securities. |
The applicable prospectus supplement will set forth certain U.S. federal income tax considerations for holders of any debt securities and the securities exchange or quotation system on which any debt securities are listed or quoted, if any.
Debt securities issued by us will be structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries, except to the extent any such subsidiary guarantees or is otherwise obligated to make payment on such debt securities. As of December 6, 2004, we have no subsidiaries.
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, all securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time without consent of any holder.
| Senior Debt Securities |
Payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on Senior Debt Securities will rank on a parity with all of our other existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated debt.
| Senior Subordinated Debt Securities |
Payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on Senior Subordinated Debt Securities will be junior in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all of our existing and future unsubordinated debt. We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any Senior Subordinated Debt Securities the subordination terms of such securities as well as the aggregate amount of outstanding debt, as of the most recent practicable date, that by its terms would be senior to the Senior Subordinated Debt Securities. We will also set forth in such prospectus supplement limitations, if any, on issuance of additional senior debt or additional senior subordinated debt.
| Subordinated Debt Securities |
Payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on Subordinated Debt Securities will be subordinated and junior in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all of our senior and senior subordinated debt. We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any Subordinated Debt Securities the subordination terms of such securities as well as the aggregate amount of outstanding indebtedness, as of the most recent practicable date, that by its terms would be senior to the Subordinated Debt Securities. We will also set forth in such prospectus supplement limitations, if any, on issuance of additional senior debt, additional senior subordinated debt or additional subordinated debt.
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| Junior Subordinated Debt Securities |
Payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on Junior Subordinated Debt Securities will be subordinated and junior in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all of our senior, senior subordinated, and subordinated debt. We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any Junior Subordinated Debt Securities the subordination terms of such securities as well as the aggregate amount of outstanding debt, as of the most recent practicable date, that by its terms would be senior to the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities. We will also set forth in such prospectus supplement limitations, if any, on issuance of additional debt.
| Conversion or Exchange Rights |
Debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our other securities or property. The terms and conditions of conversion or exchange will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms will include, among others, the following:
| • | the conversion or exchange price; | |
| • | the conversion or exchange period; | |
| • | provisions regarding the ability of us or the holder to convert or exchange the debt securities; | |
| • | events requiring adjustment to the conversion or exchange price; and | |
| • | provisions affecting conversion or exchange in the event of our redemption of the debt securities. |
| Consolidation, Merger or Sale |
We cannot consolidate or merge with or into, or transfer or lease all or substantially all of our assets to, any person (other than a direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Issuer) unless (a) we will be the continuing corporation or (b) the successor corporation or person to which our assets are transferred or leased is a corporation organized under the laws of the United States, any state of the United States or the District of Columbia and it expressly assumes our obligations on the debt securities and under the indenture. In addition, we cannot effect such a transaction unless immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no default or event of default under the indenture shall have occurred and be continuing. Subject to certain exceptions, when the person to whom our assets are transferred or leased has assumed our obligations under the debt securities and the indenture, we shall be discharged from all of our obligations under the debt securities and the indenture.
This covenant would not apply to any recapitalization transaction, a change of control of our company or a highly leveraged transaction, unless the transaction or change of control were structured to include a merger or consolidation or transfer or lease of all or substantially all of our assets.
| Events of Default |
Unless otherwise indicated, the term “Event of Default,” when used in the indenture in respect of a series of debt securities, means any of the following:
| • | failure to pay interest on any debt security of such series for 30 days after the date payment is due and payable, provided that an extension of an interest payment period by us in accordance with the terms of the debt securities of such series shall not constitute a failure to pay interest; | |
| • | failure to pay principal or premium, if any, on any debt security of such series when due, either at maturity, upon any redemption, by declaration or otherwise; | |
| • | failure to make sinking fund payments in respect of any debt security of such series when due; | |
| • | failure to perform any other covenant contained in the indenture (other than a covenant in the indenture solely for the benefit of a different series of debt securities) for 90 days after we receive |
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| written notice that performance is required from the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of such series then outstanding; | ||
| • | events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of our company; or | |
| • | any other Event of Default provided in the applicable resolution of our board of directors or the supplemental indenture under which we issue such series of debt securities. |
An Event of Default for a particular series of debt securities does not necessarily constitute an Event of Default for any other series of debt securities issued under the indenture. If an Event of Default relating to the payment of interest, principal or any sinking fund installment involving any series of debt securities has occurred and is continuing, the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of each affected series then outstanding may declare the entire principal of all the debt securities of that series to be due and payable immediately.
If an Event of Default relating to the performance of other covenants in the indenture occurs and is continuing for a period of 90 days after notice of such, or if any other Event of Default provided in a supplemental indenture or board resolution occurs and is continuing, and such Event of Default involves all of the series of Senior Debt Securities, then the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of all of the series of Senior Debt Securities then outstanding (treated as one class) may declare the entire principal amount of all of the series of Senior Debt Securities due and payable immediately.
Similarly, if an Event of Default relating to the performance of other covenants in the indenture occurs and is continuing for a period of 90 days after notice of such, or if any other Event of Default provided in a supplemental indenture or board resolution occurs and is continuing, and such Event of Default involves all of the series of Subordinated Securities, then the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of all of the series of Subordinated Securities may declare the entire principal amount of all of the series of Subordinated Securities due and payable immediately.
If, however, the Event of Default relating to the performance of other covenants in the indenture or any other Event of Default provided in a supplemental indenture or board resolution that has occurred and is continuing is for less than all of the series of Senior Debt Securities or Subordinated Securities, as the case may be, then, the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of each affected series of the Senior Debt Securities or the Subordinated Securities, as the case may be, may declare the entire principal amount of all debt securities of such affected series due and payable immediately. The holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of a series may, after satisfying conditions, rescind and annul any of the above-described declarations and consequences involving the series.
If an Event of Default relating to events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of our company occurs and is continuing, then the principal amount of all of the debt securities outstanding under the indenture, and any accrued interest, will automatically become due and payable immediately, without any declaration or other act by the trustee or any holder.
The indenture imposes limitations on suits brought by holders of debt securities against us. Except as provided below, no holder of debt securities of any series may institute any action against us under the indenture unless:
| • | the holder has previously given to the trustee written notice of default and continuance of that default; | |
| • | the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the affected series have requested that the trustee institute the action; | |
| • | the requesting holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity for expenses and liabilities that may be incurred by bringing the action; | |
| • | the trustee has not instituted the action within 60 days of the request; and | |
| • | the trustee has not received inconsistent direction by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the series. |
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Notwithstanding the foregoing, each holder of debt securities of any series has the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and premium and interest, if any, on such debt securities when due and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights may not be impaired without the consent of that holder of debt securities.
We will be required to file annually with the trustee a certificate, signed by an officer of our company, stating whether or not the officer knows of any default by us in the performance, observance or fulfillment of any condition or covenant of the indenture.
| Registered Global Securities |
We may issue the debt securities of a series in whole or in part in the form of one or more fully registered global securities that we will deposit with a depositary or with a nominee for a depositary identified in the applicable prospectus supplement and registered in the name of such depositary or nominee. In such case, we will issue one or more registered global securities denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of all of the debt securities of the series to be issued and represented by such registered global security or securities.
Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for debt securities in definitive registered form, a registered global security may not be transferred except as a whole:
| • | by the depositary for such registered global security to its nominee; | |
| • | by a nominee of the depositary to the depositary or another nominee of the depositary; or | |
| • | by the depositary or its nominee to a successor of the depositary or a nominee of the successor. |
The prospectus supplement relating to a series of debt securities will describe the specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any portion of such series represented by a registered global security. We anticipate that the following provisions will apply to all depositary arrangements for debt securities:
| • | ownership of beneficial interests in a registered global security will be limited to persons that have accounts with the depositary for the registered global security, those persons being referred to as “participants,” or persons that may hold interests through participants; | |
| • | upon the issuance of a registered global security, the depositary for the registered global security will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the participants’ accounts with the respective principal amounts of the debt securities represented by the registered global security beneficially owned by the participants; | |
| • | any dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of the debt securities will designate the accounts to be credited; and | |
| • | ownership of any beneficial interest in the registered global security will be shown on, and the transfer of any ownership interest will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary for the registered global security (with respect to interests of participants) and on the records of participants (with respect to interests of persons holding through participants). |
The laws of some states may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of the securities in definitive form. These laws may limit the ability of those persons to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in registered global securities.
So long as the depositary for a registered global security, or its nominee, is the registered owner of the registered global security, the depositary or the nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the debt securities represented by the registered global security for all purposes under the indenture. Except as set forth below, owners of beneficial interests in a registered global security:
| • | will not be entitled to have the debt securities represented by a registered global security registered in their names; |
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| • | will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of the debt securities in the definitive form; and | |
| • | will not be considered the owners or holders of the debt securities under the indenture. |
Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a registered global security must rely on the procedures of the depositary for the registered global security and, if the person is not a participant, on the procedures of a participant through which the person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the indenture.
We understand that under existing industry practices, if we request any action of holders or if an owner of a beneficial interest in a registered global security desires to give or take any action that a holder is entitled to give or take under the indenture, the depositary for the registered global security would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to give or take the action, and those participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through those participants to give or take the action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners holding through them.
We will make payments of principal and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on debt securities represented by a registered global security registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee to the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owners of the registered global security. None of our company, the trustee or any other agent of our company or the trustee will be responsible or liable for any aspect of the records relating to, or payments made on account of, beneficial ownership interests in the registered global security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to the beneficial ownership interests.
We expect that the depositary for any debt securities represented by a registered global security, upon receipt of any payments of principal and premium, if any, and interest, if any, in respect of the registered global security, will immediately credit participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the registered global security as shown on the records of the depositary. We also expect that standing customer instructions and customary practices will govern payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in the registered global security held through the participants, as is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name.” We also expect that any of these payments will be the responsibility of the participants.
If the depositary for any debt securities represented by a registered global security is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary or ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, we will appoint an eligible successor depositary. If we fail to appoint an eligible successor depositary within 90 days, we will issue the debt securities in definitive form in exchange for the registered global security. In addition, we may at any time and in our sole discretion decide not to have any of the debt securities of a series represented by one or more registered global securities. In such event, we will issue debt securities of that series in a definitive form in exchange for all of the registered global securities representing the debt securities. The trustee will register any debt securities issued in definitive form in exchange for a registered global security in such name or names as the depositary, based upon instructions from its participants, shall instruct the trustee.
We may also issue bearer debt securities of a series in the form of one or more global securities, referred to as “bearer global securities.” We will deposit these bearer global securities with a common depositary for Euroclear System and Clearstream Bank Luxembourg, Societe Anonyme, or with a nominee for the depositary identified in the prospectus supplement relating to that series. The prospectus supplement relating to a series of debt securities represented by a bearer global security will describe the specific terms and procedures, including the specific terms of the depositary arrangement and any specific procedures for the issuance of debt securities in definitive form in exchange for a bearer global security, with respect to the position of the series represented by a bearer global security.
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| Discharge, Defeasance, and Covenant Defeasance |
We can discharge or defease our obligations under the indenture as set forth below. Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, the subordination provisions applicable to any Subordinated Securities will be expressly made subject to the discharge and defeasance provisions of the indenture.
We may discharge some of our obligations to holders of any series of debt securities that have not already been delivered to the trustee for cancellation and that have either become due and payable or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year (or are scheduled for redemption within one year). We may effect a discharge by irrevocably depositing with the trustee cash or U.S. government obligations, as trust funds, in an amount certified to be sufficient to pay when due, whether at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise, the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the debt securities, and any mandatory sinking fund payments.
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may also discharge any and all of our obligations to holders of any series of debt securities at any time (“defeasance”). We also may be released from the obligations imposed by any covenants of any outstanding series of debt securities and provisions of the indenture, and we may omit to comply with those covenants without creating an Event of Default (“covenant defeasance”). We may effect defeasance and covenant defeasance only if, among other things:
| • | we irrevocably deposit with the trustee cash or U.S. government obligations, as trust funds, in an amount certified to be sufficient to pay at maturity (or upon redemption) the principal, premium, if any, and interest on all outstanding debt securities of the series; and | |
| • | we deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel from a law firm to the effect that the holders of the series of debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the defeasance or covenant defeasance and that defeasance or covenant defeasance will not otherwise alter the holders’ U.S. federal income tax treatment of principal, premium, if any, and interest payments on the series of debt securities, which opinion, in the case of legal defeasance, must be based on a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service issued or a change in U.S. federal income tax law. | |
Although we may discharge or defease our obligations under the indenture as described in the two preceding paragraphs, we may not avoid, among other things, our duty to register the transfer or exchange of any series of debt securities, to replace any temporary, mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen series of debt securities or to maintain an office or agency in respect of any series of debt securities.
| Modification of the Indenture |
The indenture provides that we and the trustee may enter into supplemental indentures without the consent of the holders of debt securities of a series to:
| • | secure our obligations under debt securities of such series; | |
| • | evidence the assumption by a successor corporation of our obligations; | |
| • | add covenants for the protection of the holders of debt securities of such series, and to make the occurrence or continuance of a default in any such additional covenants an Event of Default; | |
| • | surrender any right, power or option conferred upon us in respect of debt securities of such series; | |
| • | if debt securities of the series are convertible, to provide for conversion rights of holders of such debt securities if any reclassification or change of our common stock or any consolidation, merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets occurs; | |
| • | make any change to comply with the Trust Indenture Act, as amended, or any requirement of the SEC in connection with the qualification of the indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended; | |
| • | cure any ambiguity or correct any defect or inconsistency in the indenture; | |
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| • | make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of holders of debt securities of such series in any material respect; | |
| • | establish the forms or terms of debt securities of any series; | |
| • | evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee; and | |
| • | to change or eliminate any provision, or to add any new provision, in respect of one or more series of securities; provided such change, elimination or addition does not apply to any outstanding security. | |
The indenture also provides that we and the trustee may, with the consent of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of debt securities of all series of Senior Debt Securities (voting as one class) or of all series of Subordinated Securities (voting as one series), as the case may be, then outstanding and affected, add any provisions to, or change in any manner, eliminate or modify in any way the provisions of, the indenture or modify in any manner the rights of the holders of the debt securities of each such series. We and the trustee may not, however, without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security affected thereby:
| • | extend the final maturity of any debt security; | |
| • | reduce the principal amount or premium, if any, of any debt security; | |
| • | reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest on any debt security; | |
| • | reduce any amount payable on redemption on any debt security; | |
| • | change the currency in which the principal (other than as may be provided otherwise with respect to a series), premium, if any, or interest is payable in respect of any debt security; | |
| • | reduce the amount of the principal of any debt security issued with an OID that is payable upon acceleration or provable in bankruptcy; | |
| • | modify any of the subordination provisions or the definition of senior indebtedness applicable to any Subordinated Securities in a manner adverse to the holders of those securities; | |
| • | alter provisions of the indenture relating to the debt securities not denominated in U.S. dollars; | |
| • | impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on any debt security when due; or | |
| • | reduce the percentage of holders of debt securities of any series whose consent is required for any modification of the indenture. |
| Concerning the Trustee |
The indenture provides that there may be more than one trustee under the indenture, each with respect to one or more series of debt securities. If there are different trustees for different series of debt securities, each trustee will be a trustee of a trust under the indenture separate and apart from the trust administered by any other trustee under the indenture. Except as otherwise indicated in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement, any action permitted to be taken by a trustee may be taken by such trustee only with respect to the one or more series of debt securities for which it is the trustee under the indenture. Any trustee under the indenture may resign or be removed with respect to one or more series of debt securities. All payments of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on, and all registration, transfer, exchange, authentication, and delivery of (including authentication and delivery on original issuance of the debt securities), the debt securities of a series (other than debt securities issued in bearer form) will be effected by the trustee with respect to that series at an office designated by the trustee in New York, New York.
The indenture contains limitations on the right of the trustee, should it become a creditor of our company, to obtain payment of claims in some cases or to realize on certain property received in respect of any such claim as security or otherwise. The trustee may engage in other transactions. If it acquires any conflicting interest relating to any duties with respect to the debt securities, however, it must eliminate the conflict or resign as trustee.
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The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of any series of debt securities then outstanding will have the right to direct the time, method, and place of conducting any proceeding for exercising any remedy available to the trustee with respect to such series of debt securities, provided that the direction would not conflict with any rule of law or with the indenture, would not be unduly prejudicial to the rights of another holder of the debt securities, and would not involve any trustee in personal liability. The indenture provides that if an Event of Default shall occur and be known to any trustee and not be cured, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would use in the conduct of his or her own affairs in the exercise of the trustee’s power. Subject to these provisions, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under the indenture at the request of any of the holders of the debt securities, unless they shall have offered to the trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to the trustee.
| No Individual Liability of Incorporators, Shareholders, Officers or Directors |
The indenture provides that neither our incorporator nor any of our past, present or future shareholders, officers or directors of our company or any successor corporation in their capacity as such shall have any individual liability for any of our obligations, covenants or agreements under the debt securities or the indenture.
| Governing Law |
The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
| General |
We may issue warrants for the purchase of debt securities, preferred stock or common stock, or any combination thereof. Warrants may be issued independently or together with debt securities, preferred stock or common stock and may be attached to or separate from any offered securities. Warrants may be issued under warrant agreements issued to the holders thereof. Alternatively, one or more series of warrants may be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent. Any such warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants and will not have any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of warrants. This summary of certain provisions of the warrants is not complete. For the complete terms of a particular series of warrants, you should refer to the prospectus supplement for that series of warrants and the warrant agreement for that particular series.
| Debt Warrants |
The prospectus supplement relating to a particular issue of warrants to purchase debt securities will describe the terms of the debt warrants, including the following:
| • | the title of the debt warrants; | |
| • | the offering price for the debt warrants, if any; | |
| • | the aggregate number of the debt warrants; | |
| • | the designation and terms of the debt securities, including any conversion rights, purchasable upon exercise of the debt warrants; | |
| • | if applicable, the date from and after which the debt warrants and any debt securities issued with them will be separately transferable; | |
| • | the principal amount of debt securities that may be purchased upon exercise of a debt warrant and the exercise price for the warrants, which may be payable in cash, securities or other property; | |
| • | the dates on which the right to exercise the debt warrants will commence and expire; |
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| • | if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of the debt warrants that may be exercised at any one time; | |
| • | whether the debt warrants, represented by the debt warrant certificates or debt securities that may be issued upon exercise of the debt warrants, will be issued in registered or bearer form; | |
| • | information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; | |
| • | the currency or currency units in which the offering price, if any, and the exercise price are payable; | |
| • | the redemption or call provisions, if any, applicable to the debt warrants; and | |
| • | any additional terms of the debt warrants, including terms, procedures, and limitations relating to the exchange, exercise, and settlement of the debt warrants. |
Debt warrant certificates will be exchangeable for new debt warrant certificates of different denominations. Debt warrants may be exercised at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the debt warrant certificate or the related prospectus supplement. Prior to the exercise of their debt warrants, holders of debt warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the debt securities purchasable upon exercise and will not be entitled to payment of principal or any premium, if any, or interest on the debt securities purchasable upon exercise.
| Stock Warrants |
The prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of warrants to purchase our common stock or preferred stock will describe the terms of the warrants, including the following:
| • | the title of the warrants; | |
| • | the offering price for the warrants, if any; | |
| • | the aggregate number of the warrants; | |
| • | the designation and terms of the common stock or preferred stock that may be purchased upon exercise of the warrants; | |
| • | if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each security; | |
| • | if applicable, the date from and after which the warrants and any securities issued with the warrants will be separately transferable; | |
| • | the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock that may be purchased upon exercise of a warrant and the exercise price for the warrants; | |
| • | the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants shall commence and expire; | |
| • | if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of the warrants that may be exercised at any one time; | |
| • | the currency or currency units in which the offering price, if any, and the exercise price are payable; | |
| • | the antidilution provisions of the warrants, if any; | |
| • | the redemption or call provisions, if any, applicable to the warrants; and | |
| • | any additional terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures, and limitations relating to the exchange, exercise, and settlement of the warrants. |
Holders of stock warrants will not be entitled:
| • | to vote, consent or receive dividends; | |
| • | receive notice as shareholders with respect to any meeting of shareholders for the election of our directors or any other matter; or | |
| • | exercise any rights as shareholders of our company. |
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell debt securities, common stock, preferred stock or warrants to purchase debt securities, common stock or preferred stock in one or more of the following ways from time to time:
| • | to or through underwriters or dealers; | |
| • | by ourself directly; | |
| • | through agents; or | |
| • | through a combination of any of these methods of sale. |
A prospectus supplement relating to an offering of offered securities will set forth the terms of such offering, including:
| • | the name or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents; | |
| • | the purchase price of the offered securities and the proceeds to us from the sale; | |
| • | any underwriting discounts and commissions or agency fees and other items constituting underwriters’ or agents’ compensation; and | |
| • | any initial public offering price, any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers, and any securities exchanges on which such offered securities may be listed. |
Any initial public offering prices, discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.
If underwriters are used in the sale, the underwriters may acquire the offered securities for their own account and may resell them from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The offered securities may be offered either to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or by one or more underwriters without a syndicate. Unless otherwise set forth in a prospectus supplement, any obligation of the underwriters to purchase any series of securities will be subject to certain conditions precedent.
In connection with underwritten offerings of the offered securities and in accordance with applicable law and industry practice, underwriters may over-allot or effect transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the offered securities at levels above those that might otherwise prevail in the open market, including by entering stabilizing bids, effecting syndicate covering transactions or imposing penalty bids, each of which is described below.
| • | A stabilizing bid means the placing of any bid, or the effecting of any purchase, for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of a security. | |
| • | A syndicate covering transaction means the placing of any bid on behalf of the underwriting syndicate or the effecting of any purchase to reduce a short position created in connection with the offering. | |
| • | A penalty bid means an arrangement that permits the managing underwriter to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member in connection with the offering when offered securities originally sold by the syndicate member are purchased in syndicate covering transactions. |
These transactions may be effected on the Nasdaq National Market, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise. Underwriters are not required to engage in any of these activities, or to continue such activities if commenced.
If a dealer is used in the sale, we may sell such offered securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the offered securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by that dealer at the time for resale. The names of the dealers and the terms of the transaction will be set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to that transaction.
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Offered securities may be sold directly by us to one or more institutional purchasers, or through agents designated by us, from time to time, at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. Any agent involved in the offer or sale of the offered securities in respect of which this prospectus is delivered will be named, and any commissions payable by us to such agent will be set forth, in the prospectus supplement relating to that offering. Unless otherwise indicated in such prospectus supplement, any such agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
Underwriters, dealers, and agents may be entitled under agreements entered into with us to indemnification by us against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribution with respect to payments that the underwriters, dealers or agents may be required to make in respect thereof. Underwriters, dealers, and agents may be customers of, engage in transactions with, or perform services for us and our affiliates from time to time in the ordinary course of business.
Other than our common stock, which is listed on the Nasdaq National Market, each of the securities issued hereunder will be a new issue of securities, will, unless otherwise indicated in the relevant prospectus supplement, have no prior trading market, and may or may not be listed on a national securities exchange or the Nasdaq National Market. Any common stock sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement will be listed on the Nasdaq National Market, subject to official notice of issuance. Any underwriters to whom we sell securities for public offering and sale may make a market in the securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot assure you that there will be a market for the offered securities.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the securities being offered hereby is being passed upon for us, by Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, Boston, Massachusetts.
EXPERTS
The audited financial statements incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A Amendment No. 2 of our company for the year ended December 31, 2003, except as they relate to Amgen-Regeneron Partners for the year ended December 31, 2001, have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, and insofar as they relate to Amgen-Regeneron Partners for the year ended December 31, 2001, by Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, whose reports thereon are incorporated by reference herein. Such financial statements have been so incorporated in reliance on the reports of such independent registered public accounting firm and independent auditors given on the authority of such firms as experts in auditing and accounting.
The financial statements of Amgen-Regeneron Partners appearing in Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.’s Annual Report (Form 10-K/A Amendment No. 2) for the year ended December 31, 2003, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, as set forth in their report thereon included therein and incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements are incorporated herein in reliance upon the report of Ernst & Young LLP pertaining to such financial statements given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
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PART II
| Item 14. | Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution |
The following table sets forth our expenses in connection with the offerings described in this Registration Statement. All expenses, other than the SEC registration fee, are estimates.
|
SEC Registration Fee
|
$ | 23,540 | |||
|
Transfer Agents, Trustees and Depositary’s
Fees, and Expenses
|
$ | 50,000 | |||
|
Printing and Engraving Fees and Expenses
|
$ | 100,000 | |||
|
Accounting Fees and Expenses
|
$ | 500,000 | |||
|
Stock Exchange Listing Fees
|
$ | 50,000 | |||
|
Legal Fees
|
$ | 500,000 | |||
|
Rating Agency Fees
|
$ | 150,000 | |||
|
Miscellaneous
|
$ | 50,000 | |||
|
Total
|
$ | 1,423,540 | |||
| Item 15. | Indemnification of Directors and Officers |
Article Seven of our Restated Certificate of Incorporation requires indemnification of our officers and directors and that such indemnification be made to the fullest extent permitted by the New York Business Corporation Law.
Section 722 of the New York Business Corporation Law permits a corporation to provide for the indemnification of the members of its board of directors and its officers against actions or proceedings, or the threat thereof, by or in the right of the corporation. In order to receive indemnification, such director or officer must have (i) acted in good faith for a purpose which he reasonably believed was in the best interest of the corporation, and (ii) in the case of a criminal proceeding, also had no reasonable belief that such conduct was unlawful.
Article IV of our By-Laws provides that the directors and certain other personnel of our company shall be indemnified against expenses and certain other liabilities arising out of legal actions brought or threatened against them for their conduct on behalf of our company, subject to certain qualifications and provided that each such person acted in good faith and in a manner that they reasonably believed was in our best interest.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
We have agreements with some of our directors which provide that we will indemnify them to the fullest extent permitted by the New York Business Corporation Law. We maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance which insures against liabilities that our directors or officers may incur in such capacities.
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| Item 16. | Exhibits |
| Exhibit | ||||
| No. | Description | |||
| 1 | .1** | Form of underwriting agreement. | ||
| 4 | .1 | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(1) | ||
| 4 | .2 | Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(2) | ||
| 4 | .3 | Certificate of Amendment of the Certification of Incorporation of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(3) | ||
| 4 | .4 | Bylaws of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(4) | ||
| 4 | .5 | Amendment to the Bylaws of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(5) | ||
| 4 | .6 | Form of indenture. | ||
| 4 | .7** | Supplemental indenture or other instrument creating a series of debt securities under the indenture. | ||
| 4 | .8** | Form of any debt security. | ||
| 4 | .9** | Form of preferred stock. | ||
| 4 | .10** | Form of any preferred stock certificate. | ||
| 4 | .11** | Form of warrant agreement. | ||
| 4 | .12** | Form of warrant certificate. | ||
| 4 | .13 | Rights Agreement, dated as of September 20, 1996, between Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Chase Mellon Shareholder Services LLC, as Rights Agent, including the form of Rights Certificate as Exhibit B thereto.(6) | ||
| 4 | .14 | Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of March 28, 2003, by and between Novartis Pharma AG and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(7) | ||
| 4 | .15 | Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 5, 2003, by and between Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(8) | ||
| 4 | .16 | Form of certificate of shares of common stock. | ||
| 5 | .1 | Opinion of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP as to the legality of the debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, and warrants. | ||
| 8 | .1** | Opinion of counsel as to certain tax matters. | ||
| 12 | .1* | Statement re: computation of ratios of earnings to combined fixed charges of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | ||
| 23 | .1 | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. | ||
| 23 | .2 | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors. | ||
| 23 | .3 | Consent of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1). | ||
| 24 | .1* | Power of Attorney of certain officers and directors of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | ||
| 25 | .1 | Statement of Eligibility and Qualification of trustee under the Indenture for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (to be filed in accordance with the Undertaking set forth in Section 512(j) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended). | ||
| * | Previously filed. |
| ** | To be filed by amendment or as an exhibit to a document to be incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement. |
| (1) | Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-Q for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the quarter ended June 30, 1991, filed August 13, 1991. |
| (2) | Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-Q for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 1996, filed November 8, 1996. |
| (3) | Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001, filed March 22, 2002. |
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| (4) | Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1994, filed March 30, 1995. |
| (5) | Incorporated by reference from the Form 8-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. filed November 12, 2004. |
| (6) | Incorporated by reference from the Form 8-A for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. filed October 15, 1996. |
| (7) | Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-Q for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the quarter ended March 31, 2003, filed May 15, 2003. |
| (8) | Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-Q for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 2003, filed November 12, 2003. |
| Item 17. | Undertakings |
(A) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
| (1) | To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: |
| (i) | To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933; |
| (ii) | To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percentage change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement. |
| (iii) | To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; |
| provided, however, that paragraphs (1)(i) and 1(ii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement. |
| (2) | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. | |
| (3) | To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. |
| (B) | The undersigned registrants hereby undertake that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered herein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
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| (C) | Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of any of the registrants pursuant to the provisions set forth in Item 15, or otherwise, each of the registrants has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by one of the registrants of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of one of the registrants in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, each of the registrants will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. |
| (D) | The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Act. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on this Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Village of Tarrytown, State of New York, on this 9th day of February, 2005.
| REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. |
| By: | /s/ MURRAY A. GOLDBERG |
|
|
| Murray A. Goldberg | |
| Senior Vice President, Finance & Administration | |
| Chief Financial Officer, | |
| Treasurer and Assistant Secretary |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated on February 9, 2005.
|
/s/ LEONARD S.
SCHLEIFER, M.D., PH.D. Leonard S. Schleifer, M.D., Ph.D. |
President, Chief Executive Officer and
Director (Principal Executive Officer) |
|||||
|
/s/ MURRAY A. GOLDBERG Murray A. Goldberg |
Senior Vice President, Finance &
Administration, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary (Principal Financial Officer) |
|||||
|
/s/ DOUGLAS S. MCCORKLE Douglas S. McCorkle |
Controller and Assistant Treasurer (Chief Accounting Officer) |
|||||
|
* P. Roy Vagelos, M.D. |
Chairman of the Board | |||||
|
* Charles A. Baker |
Director | |||||
|
* Michael S. Brown, M.D. |
Director | |||||
|
* Alfred G. Gilman, M.D. |
Director | |||||
|
* Joseph L. Goldstein, M.D. |
Director | |||||
|
* Arthur F. Ryan |
Director | |||||
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|
* Eric M. Shooter, M.D. |
Director | |||||
|
* George L. Sing |
Director | |||||
|
* George D. Yancopoulos, M.D., Ph.D. |
Director | |||||
| *By: |
/s/ MURRAY A. GOLDBERG Murray A. Goldberg |
Attorney-in-fact | ||||
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EXHIBIT INDEX
| Exhibit | ||||
| No. | Description | |||
| 1 | .1** | Form of underwriting agreement. | ||
| 4 | .1 | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(1) | ||
| 4 | .2 | Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(2) | ||
| 4 | .3 | Certificate of Amendment of the Certification of Incorporation of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(3) | ||
| 4 | .4 | Bylaws of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(4) | ||
| 4 | .5 | Amendment to the Bylaws of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(5) | ||
| 4 | .6 | Form of indenture. | ||
| 4 | .7** | Supplemental indenture or other instrument creating a series of debt securities under the indenture. | ||
| 4 | .8** | Form of any debt security. | ||
| 4 | .9** | Form of preferred stock. | ||
| 4 | .10** | Form of any preferred stock certificate. | ||
| 4 | .11** | Form of warrant agreement. | ||
| 4 | .12** | Form of warrant certificate. | ||
| 4 | .13 | Rights Agreement, dated as of September 20, 1996, between Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Chase Mellon Shareholder Services LLC, as Rights Agent, including the form of Rights Certificate as Exhibit B thereto.(6) | ||
| 4 | .14 | Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of March 28, 2003, by and between Novartis Pharma AG and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(7) | ||
| 4 | .15 | Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 5, 2003, by and between Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(8) | ||
| 4 | .16 | Form of certificate of shares of common stock. | ||
| 5 | .1 | Opinion of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP as to the legality of the debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, and warrants. | ||
| 8 | .1** | Opinion of counsel as to certain tax matters. | ||
| 12 | .1* | Statement re: computation of ratios of earnings to combined fixed charges of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | ||
| 23 | .1 | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. | ||
| 23 | .2 | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors. | ||
| 23 | .3 | Consent of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1). | ||
| 24 | .1* | Power of Attorney of certain officers and directors of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | ||
| 25 | .1 | Statement of Eligibility and Qualification of trustee under the Indenture for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (to be filed in accordance with the Undertaking set forth in Section 512(j) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended). | ||
| * | Previously filed. |
| ** | To be filed by amendment or as an exhibit to a document to be incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement. |
| (1) | Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-Q for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the quarter ended June 30, 1991, filed August 13, 1991. |
| (2) | Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-Q for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 1996, filed November 8, 1996. |
| (3) | Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001, filed March 22, 2002. |
| (4) | Incorporated by reference from the Form 10-K for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1994, filed March 30, 1995. |
Exhibit 4.6 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. and [Insert name of Trustee], as Trustee Indenture Dated as of __________________ Debt Securities - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CROSS REFERENCE SHEET* Between Provisions of Trust Indenture Act (as defined herein) and Indenture, dated as of ________________, between REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. and [Insert name of Trustee], as Trustee: SECTION OF THE ACT SECTION OF INDENTURE 310(a)(1) and (2)...................................................... 6.9 310(a)(3) and (4)...................................................... Inapplicable 310(b)................................................................. 6.8 and 6.10 310(c)................................................................. Inapplicable 311(a)................................................................. 6.14 311(b)................................................................. 6.14 311(c)................................................................. Inapplicable 312(a)................................................................. 4.1 and 4.2 312(b)................................................................. 4.2 312(c)................................................................. 4.2 313(a)................................................................. 4.3 313(b)(1).............................................................. Inapplicable 313(b)(2).............................................................. 4.3 313(c)................................................................. 4.3, 5.11, 6.10, 6.11, 8.2 and 12.2 313(d)................................................................. 4.3 314(a)................................................................. 3.5 and 4.2 314(b)................................................................. Inapplicable 314(c)(1) and (2)...................................................... 11.6 314(c)(3).............................................................. Inapplicable 314(d)................................................................. Inapplicable 314(e)................................................................. 11.6 314(f)................................................................. Inapplicable 315(a), (c) and (d).................................................... 6.1 315(b)................................................................. 5.11 315(e)................................................................. 5.12 316(a)(1).............................................................. 5.9 and 5.10 316(a)(2).............................................................. Not required 316(a) (last sentence)................................................. 7.4 316(b)................................................................. 5.7 317(a)................................................................. 5.2 317(b)................................................................. 3.4 318(a)................................................................. 11.8 *This Cross Reference Sheet is not part of the Indenture.
Exhibit 4.6 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ---- ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS Section 1.1 Certain Terms Defined................................................................... 1 ARTICLE II SECURITIES Section 2.1 Forms Generally......................................................................... 7 Section 2.2 Form Of Trustee's Certificate Of Authentication......................................... 7 Section 2.3 Amount Unlimited; Issuable In Series.................................................... 8 Section 2.4 Authentication And Delivery Of Securities............................................... 10 Section 2.5 Execution Of Securities................................................................. 13 Section 2.6 Certificate Of Authentication........................................................... 13 Section 2.7 Denomination And Date Of Securities; Payment Of Interest................................ 13 Section 2.8 Registration, Transfer And Exchange..................................................... 14 Section 2.9 Mutilated, Defaced, Destroyed, Lost And Stolen Securities............................... 17 Section 2.10 Cancellation Of Securities; Destruction Thereof......................................... 18 Section 2.11 Temporary Securities.................................................................... 19 ARTICLE III COVENANTS OF THE ISSUER Section 3.1 Payment Of Principal And Interest....................................................... 19 Section 3.2 Offices For Payments, Etc............................................................... 20 Section 3.3 Appointment To Fill A Vacancy In Office Of Trustee...................................... 21 Section 3.4 Paying Agents........................................................................... 21 Section 3.5 Compliance Certificates................................................................. 22 Section 3.6 Corporate Existence..................................................................... 22 Section 3.7 Luxembourg Publications................................................................. 22 ARTICLE IV SECURITYHOLDER LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE ISSUER AND THE TRUSTEE Section 4.1 Issuer To Furnish Trustee Information As To Names And Addresses Of Securityholders...... 22 Section 4.2 Reports By The Issuer................................................................... 23 Section 4.3 Reports By The Trustee.................................................................. 23 ARTICLE V REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT Section 5.1 Event Of Default Defined, Acceleration Of Maturity; Waiver Of Default................... 23 Section 5.2 Collection Of Indebtedness By Trustee; Trustee May Prove Debt........................... 27 Section 5.3 Application Of Proceeds................................................................. 29 Section 5.4 Suits For Enforcement................................................................... 30 i
Section 5.5 Restoration Of Rights On Abandonment Of Proceedings..................................... 30 Section 5.6 Limitations On Suits By Security Holders................................................ 30 Section 5.7 Unconditional Right Of Securityholders To Institute Certain Suits....................... 31 Section 5.8 Powers And Remedies Cumulative; Delay Or Omission Not Waiver Of Default............................................................................... 31 Section 5.9 Control By Holders Of Securities........................................................ 31 Section 5.10 Waiver Of Past Defaults................................................................. 32 Section 5.11 Trustee To Give Notice Of Default, But May Withhold In Certain Circumstances............ 32 Section 5.12 Right Of Court To Require Filing Of Undertaking To Pay Costs............................ 32 ARTICLE VI CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE Section 6.1 Duties And Responsibilities Of The Trustee; During Default; Prior To Default................................................................................ 33 Section 6.2 Certain Rights Of The Trustee........................................................... 34 Section 6.3 Trustee Not Responsible For Recitals, Disposition Of Securities Or Application Of Proceeds Thereof....................................................................... 35 Section 6.4 Trustee And Agents May Hold Securities Or Coupons; Collections, Etc..................... 35 Section 6.5 Moneys Held By Trustee.................................................................. 36 Section 6.6 Compensation And Indemnification Of Trustee And Its Prior Claim......................... 36 Section 6.7 Right Of Trustee To Rely On Officer's Certificate, Etc.................................. 36 Section 6.8 Indentures Not Creating Potential Conflicting Interests For The Trustee................. 37 Section 6.9 Qualification Of Trustee: Conflicting Interests......................................... 37 Section 6.10 Persons Eligible For Appointment As Trustee............................................. 37 Section 6.11 Resignation And Removal; Appointment Of Successor Trustee............................... 37 Section 6.12 Acceptance Of Appointment By Successor Trustee.......................................... 39 Section 6.13 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation Or Succession To Business Of Trustee................................................................................ 40 Section 6.14 Preferential Collection Of Claims Against The Issuer.................................... 40 Section 6.15 Appointment Of Authenticating Agent..................................................... 40 ARTICLE VII CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS Section 7.1 Evidence Of Action Taken By Securityholders............................................. 41 Section 7.2 Proof Of Execution Of Instruments And Of Holding Of Securities.......................... 42 Section 7.3 Holders To Be Treated As Owners......................................................... 42 Section 7.4 Securities Owned By Issuer Deemed Not Outstanding....................................... 42 Section 7.5 Record Date For Holders Entitled to Act................................................. 43 Section 7.6 Right Of Revocation Of Action Taken..................................................... 43 ARTICLE VIII SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES Section 8.1 Supplemental Indentures Without Consent Of Securityholders.............................. 43 Section 8.2 Supplemental Indentures With Consent Of Securityholders................................. 45 Section 8.3 Effect Of Supplemental Indenture........................................................ 47 Section 8.4 Documents To Be Given To Trustee........................................................ 47 ii
Section 8.5 Notation On Securities In Respect Of Supplemental Indentures............................ 47 ARTICLE IX CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE OR CONVEYANCE Section 9.1 Issuer May Consolidate, Etc., Only On Certain Terms..................................... 47 Section 9.2 Successor Corporation Substituted....................................................... 48 Section 9.3 Opinion Of Counsel To Be Given To Trustee............................................... 48 ARTICLE X SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE; UNCLAIMED MONEYS Section 10.1 Satisfaction And Discharge Of Indenture................................................. 48 Section 10.2 Application By Trustee Of Funds Deposited For Payment Of Securities..................... 52 Section 10.3 Repayment Of Moneys Held By Paying Agent................................................ 52 Section 10.4 Return Of Moneys Held By Trustee And Paying Agent Unclaimed For Two Years............... 52 Section 10.5 Indemnity For U.S. Government Of Obligations............................................ 53 Section 10.6 Effect On Subordination Provisions...................................................... 53 ARTICLE XI MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS Section 11.1 Incorporators, Stockholders, Officers And Directors Of Issuer Exempt From Individual Liability............................................................................... 53 Section 11.2 Provisions Of Indenture For The Sole Benefit Of Parties And Holders Of Securities And Coupons............................................................................. 54 Section 11.3 Successors And Assigns Of Issuer Bound By Indenture..................................... 54 Section 11.4 Severability............................................................................ 54 Section 11.5 Notices And Demands On Issuer, Trustee And Holders Of Securities And Coupons............ 54 Section 11.6 Officer's Certificates And Opinions Of Counsel; Statements To Be Contained Therein...... 55 Section 11.7 Payments Due On Saturdays, Sundays And Holidays......................................... 56 Section 11.8 Conflict Of Any Provision Of Indenture With Trust Indenture Act......................... 56 Section 11.9 New York Law To Govern.................................................................. 56 Section 11.10 Counterparts............................................................................ 56 Section 11.11 Effect Of Headings...................................................................... 56 Section 11.12 Securities In A Foreign Currency........................................................ 56 Section 11.13 Judgment Currency....................................................................... 57 Section 11.14 Agreement To Subordinate................................................................ 57 ARTICLE XII REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUNDS Section 12.1 Applicability Of Article................................................................ 58 Section 12.2 Notice Of Redemption; Partial Redemptions............................................... 58 Section 12.3 Payment Of Securities Called For Redemption............................................. 59 Section 12.4 Exclusion Of Certain Securities From Eligibility For Selection For Redemption........... 60 Section 12.5 Mandatory And Optional Sinking Funds.................................................... 60 iii
THIS INDENTURE, dated as of ______________, by and between REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., a New York corporation (the "Issuer"), and [Insert name of Trustee], as Trustee (the "Trustee"), WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, the Issuer has duly authorized the issue from time to time of its unsecured debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness to be issued in one or more series (the "Securities") up to such principal amount or amounts as may from time to time be authorized in accordance with the terms of this Indenture; WHEREAS, the Issuer has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide, among other things, for the authentication, delivery and administration of the Securities; and WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid indenture and agreement according to its terms have been done; NOW, THEREFORE: In consideration of the premises and the purchases of the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed for the equal and proportionate benefit of the respective holders from time to time of the Securities and of the coupons, if any, appertaining thereto as follows: ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS SECTION 1.1 CERTAIN TERMS DEFINED. The following terms (except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise clearly requires) for all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified in this Section. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the "Trust Indenture Act"), or the definitions of which in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), are referred to in the Trust Indenture Act, including terms defined therein by reference to the Securities Act (except as herein otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires), shall have the meaning assigned to such terms in the Trust Indenture Act and in the Securities Act as in effect from time to time. All accounting terms used herein and not expressly defined shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and the term "generally accepted accounting principles" means such accounting principles as are generally accepted at the time of any computation unless a different time shall be specified with respect to such series of Securities as provided for in Section 2.3. The words "herein," "hereof" and "hereunder" and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision. The terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular. 1
"Affiliate" has the same meaning as given to that term in Rule 405 of the Securities Act or any successor provision. "Authenticating Agent" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.15. "Authorized Newspaper" means a newspaper, in the English language or in an official language of the country of publication, customarily published on each Business Day, whether or not published on Saturdays, Sundays or holidays, and of general circulation in each place in connection with which the term is used or in the financial community of each such place. Where successive publications are required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive publications may be made in the same or in different newspapers in the same city meeting the foregoing requirements and in each case on any Business Day. If it shall be impractical in the opinion of the Trustee to make any publication of any notice required hereby in an Authorized Newspaper, any publication or other notice in lieu thereof which is made or given with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient publication of such notice. "Board of Directors" means either the Board of Directors of the Issuer or any committee of such Board duly authorized to act on its behalf. "Board Resolution" means a copy of one or more resolutions, certified by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Issuer to have been duly adopted or consented to by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect, and delivered to the Trustee. "Business Day" means, with respect to any Security, a day that is not a day on which banking institutions in the city (or in any of the cities, if more than one) in which amounts are payable, as specified in the form of such Security, are authorized or required by any applicable law or regulation to be closed. "Capital Stock" means, with respect to any corporation, any and all shares, interests, rights to purchase (other than convertible or exchangeable indebtedness that is not itself otherwise capital stock), warrants, options, participations or other equivalents of or interests (however designated) in stock issued by that corporation. "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or if at any time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties on such date. "Corporate Trust Office" means the office of the Trustee at which the corporate trust business of the Trustee shall, at any particular time, be principally administered, which office is, as of the date of this Indenture, located at [Insert address of the office of the Trustee at which its corporate trust business is principally administered]. "Coupon" means any interest coupon appertaining to an Unregistered Security. "Covenant Defeasance" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10.1(3). 2
"Depositary" means, with respect to the Securities of any series issuable or issued in the form of one or more Registered Global Securities, the Person designated as Depositary by the Issuer pursuant to Section 2.3 until a successor Depositary shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Depositary" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Depositary hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person. "Depositary" as used with respect to the Securities of any such series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Registered Global Securities of that series. "Dollar" or "$" means the coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for the payment of public and private debts. "Equity Interests" means Capital Stock or partnership, participation or membership interests and all warrants, options or other rights to acquire Capital Stock or partnership, participation or membership interests (but excluding any debt security that is convertible into, or exchangeable for, Capital Stock or partnership, participation or membership interests). "Event of Default" means any event or condition specified as such in Section 5.1. "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. "Foreign Currency" means any coin, currency, currency unit or composite currency, including, without limitation, the euro, issued by the government of one or more countries, other than the United States of America or by any internationally recognized union, confederation or association of such governments. "Holder," "Holder of Securities," "Securityholder" or any other similar terms mean (a) in the case of any Registered Security, the person in whose name such Security is registered in the security register kept by the Issuer for that purpose in accordance with the terms hereof, and (b) in the case of any Unregistered Security, the bearer of such Security, or any Coupon appertaining thereto, as the case may be. "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed and delivered or, if amended or supplemented as herein provided, as so amended or supplemented or both, and shall include the forms and terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder, provided, that, if at any time more than one Person is acting as Trustee under this instrument, "Indenture" shall mean, with respect to one or more series of Securities for which such person is trustee, this instrument as originally executed and delivered or, if amended or supplemented as herein provided, as so amended or supplemented or both, and shall include the forms and terms of those particular series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee established as contemplated hereunder, exclusive, however, of any provisions or terms which relate solely to other series of Securities for which such person is not Trustee, regardless of when such terms or provisions were adopted. "IRS" means the Internal Revenue Service of the United States Department of the Treasury, or any successor entity. 3
"Issuer" means (except as otherwise provided in Article IX) Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a New York corporation, and, subject to Article IX, its successors and assigns. "Issuer Order" means a written statement, request or order of the Issuer signed in its name by any two Officers of the Issuer. "Judgment Currency" has the meaning set forth in Section 11.13. "Non-U.S. Person" means any person that is not a "U.S. person" as such term is defined in Rule 902 of the Securities Act. "Officer" means the chairman of the Board of Directors of the Issuer, the vice chairman, the chief executive officer, the president, any executive vice president, any senior vice president, any vice president, the treasurer or the secretary of the Issuer. "Officer's Certificate" means a certificate signed by any two Officers of the Issuer and delivered to the Trustee. Each such certificate shall comply with Section 314 of the Trust Indenture Act and include the statements provided for in Section 11.6. "Opinion of Counsel" means an opinion in writing signed by legal counsel who may be an employee of the Issuer or other counsel satisfactory to the Trustee. Each such opinion shall comply with Section 314 of the Trust Indenture Act and include the statements provided for in Section 11.6. "Original Issue Date" of any Security (or portion thereof) means the earlier of (a) the date of such Security or (b) the date of any Security (or portion thereof) for which such Security was issued (directly or indirectly) on registration of transfer, exchange or substitution. "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security that provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.1. "Outstanding" (except as otherwise provided in Section 7.4), when used with reference to Securities, means, subject to the provisions of Section 7.4, as of any particular time, all Securities authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except: (a) Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; (b) Securities, or portions thereof, for the payment or redemption of which moneys or U.S. Government Obligations (as provided for in Section 10.1) in the necessary amount shall have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Issuer) or shall have been set aside, segregated and held in trust by the Issuer for the Holders of such Securities (if the Issuer shall act as its own paying agent), provided, that if such Securities, or portions thereof, are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption shall have been given as herein provided, or provisions satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such notice; and 4
(c) Securities which shall have been paid or in substitution for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the terms of Section 2.9 (except with respect to any such Security as to which proof satisfactory to the Trustee is presented that such Security is held by a person in whose hands such Security is a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Issuer). In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of any or all series have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.1. "Periodic Offering" means an offering of Securities of a series from time to time, the specific terms of which Securities, including, without limitation, the rate or rates of interest, if any, thereon, the stated maturity or maturities thereof and the redemption provisions, if any, with respect thereto, are to be determined by the Issuer or its agents upon the issuance of such Securities. "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof. "Principal" whenever used with reference to the Securities or any Security or any portion thereof, shall be deemed to include "and premium, if any," provided, however, that such inclusion of premium, if any, shall under no circumstances result in the double counting of such premium for the purpose of any calculation required hereunder. "record date" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.7. "Registered Global Security" means a Security evidencing all or a part of a series of Registered Securities, issued to the Depositary for such series in accordance with Section 2.4, and bearing the legend prescribed in Section 2.4 and any other legend required by the Depositary for such series. "Registered Security" means any Security registered on the Security register of the Issuer. "Required Currency" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11.13. "Responsible Officer" when used with respect to the Trustee means the chairman of the board of directors, any vice chairman of the board of directors, the chairman of the trust committee, the chairman of the executive committee, any vice chairman of the executive committee, the president, any vice president (whether or not designated by numbers or words added before or after the title "Vice President"), the cashier, the secretary, the treasurer, any trust officer, any assistant trust officer, any assistant vice president, any assistant cashier, any assistant secretary, any assistant treasurer, or any other officer or assistant officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by the persons who at the time shall 5
be such officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject. "Security" or "Securities" (except as otherwise provided in Section 7.4) has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture, or, as the case may be, Securities that have been authenticated and delivered under this Indenture. "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. "Senior Indebtedness", when used with respect to the Subordinated Securities of any series, shall have the meaning established pursuant to Section 2.3(9) with respect to the Subordinated Securities of such series. "Senior Securities" means Securities other than Subordinated Securities. "Subordinated Securities" means Securities that by the terms established pursuant to Section 2.3(9) are subordinated in right of payment to Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer. "Subordination Provisions", when used with respect to the Subordinated Securities of any series, shall have the meaning established pursuant to Section 2.3(9) with respect to the Subordinated Securities of such series. "Subsidiary," with respect to any Person, means (i) a corporation, a majority of whose Voting Equity Interests is at the date of determination, directly or indirectly, owned by such Person, by such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person or by one or more Subsidiaries of such Person, (ii) a partnership in which such Person, such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person or one or more Subsidiaries of such Person, directly or indirectly, at the date of determination holds a majority interest in the equity capital or profits of such partnership, or (iii) any other Person (other than a corporation or partnership) in which such Person, one or more Subsidiaries of such Person, or such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person, directly or indirectly, at the date of determination has (x) at least a majority ownership interest or (y) the power to elect or direct the election of a majority of the directors or other governing body of such Person. "Trustee" means the Person identified as "Trustee" in the first paragraph hereof and, subject to the provisions of Article VI, shall also include any successor trustee. "Trustee" shall also mean or include each Person who is then a trustee hereunder, and, if at any time there is more than one such Person, "Trustee" as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the trustee with respect to the Securities of such series. "Unregistered Security" means any Security other than a Registered Security. "U.S. Government Obligations" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10.1(1). "Voting Equity Interests" means Equity Interests which at the time are entitled to vote in the election of, as applicable, directors, managers or trustees of an entity, or persons performing similar functions, generally; provided, that, for the purposes hereof, Equity Interests 6
that carry only the right to vote conditionally on the happening of an event shall not be considered Voting Equity Interests whether or not such event shall have happened. "Yield to Maturity" means the yield to maturity on a series of securities, calculated at the time of issuance of such series, or, if applicable, at the most recent redetermination of interest on such series, and calculated in accordance with accepted financial practice. ARTICLE II SECURITIES SECTION 2.1 FORMS GENERALLY. The Securities of each series and the Coupons, if any, to be attached thereto shall be substantially in such form (not inconsistent with this Indenture) as shall be established by or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions (as set forth in a Board Resolution or, to the extent established pursuant to but not set forth in a Board Resolution, an Officer's Certificate detailing such establishment) or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture and may have imprinted or otherwise reproduced thereon such legend or legends or endorsements, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, as may be required to comply with any law or with any rules or regulations pursuant thereto, or with any rules of any securities exchange or to conform to general usage, all as may be determined by the officers executing such Securities and Coupons, if any, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities and Coupons. The definitive Securities and Coupons, if any, shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined by the officers executing such Securities and Coupons, if any, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities and Coupons, if any. SECTION 2.2 FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION. The Trustee's certificate of authentication on all Securities shall be in substantially the following form: "This is one of the Securities referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture. [Insert name of Trustee], as Trustee By ____________________________________ Authorized Signatory" If at any time there shall be an Authenticating Agent appointed with respect to any series of Securities, then the Trustee's Certificate of Authentication to be borne by the Securities of each such series shall be substantially as follows: "This is one of the Securities referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture. 7
] _______________________________________ as Authenticating Agent By _______________________________________ Authorized Signatory" SECTION 2.3 AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES. The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be established in or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions (and to the extent established pursuant to but not set forth in a Board Resolution, in an Officer's Certificate detailing such establishment) or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the initial issuance of Securities of any series, (1) the designation of the Securities of the series, which shall distinguish the Securities of the series from the Securities of all other series, and which may be part of a series of Securities previously issued; (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of, transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to Section 2.8, Section 2.9, Section 2.11, Section 8.5 or Section 12.3); (3) if other than Dollars, the Foreign Currency or Foreign Currencies in which the Securities of the series are denominated; (4) the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable or the method of determination thereof; (5) the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, on which such interest shall be payable, the terms and conditions of any deferral of interest and the additional interest, if any, thereon, the right, if any, of the Issuer to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of the extensions and (in the case of Registered Securities) the date or dates on which a record shall be taken for the determination of Holders to whom interest is payable and/or the method by which such rate or rates or date or dates shall be determined; (6) the place or places where and the manner in which, the principal of and any interest on Securities of the series shall be payable, if other than as provided in Section 3.2; 8
(7) the right, if any, of the Issuer to redeem Securities, in whole or in part, at its option and the period or periods within which, or the date or dates on which, the price or prices at which and any terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be so redeemed, pursuant to any sinking fund or otherwise; (8) the obligation, if any, of the Issuer to redeem, purchase or repay Securities of the series pursuant to any mandatory redemption, sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the price or prices at which and the period or periods within which or the date or dates on which, and any terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed, purchased or repaid, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation; (9) if the Securities of such series are Subordinated Securities, the terms pursuant to which the Securities of such series will be made subordinate in right of payment to Senior Indebtedness and the definition of such Senior Indebtedness with respect to such series (in the absence of an express statement to the effect that the Securities of such series are subordinate in right of payment to all such Senior Indebtedness, the Securities of such series shall not be subordinate to Senior Indebtedness and shall not constitute Subordinated Securities); and, in the event that the Securities of such series are Subordinated Securities, such Board Resolution, Officer's Certificate or supplemental indenture, as the case may be, establishing the terms of such series shall expressly state which articles, sections or other provisions thereof constitute the "Subordination Provisions" with respect to the Securities of such series; (10) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof in the case of Registered Securities, or $1,000 and $5,000 in the case of Unregistered Securities, the denominations in which Securities of the series shall be issuable; (11) the percentage of the principal amount at which the Securities will be issued, and, if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof and the terms and conditions of any acceleration; (12) if other than the coin, currency or currencies in which the Securities of the series are denominated, the coin, currency or currencies in which payment of the principal of or interest on the Securities of such series shall be payable, including composite currencies or currency units; (13) if the principal of or interest on the Securities of the series are to be payable, at the election of the Issuer or a Holder thereof, in a coin or currency other than that in which the Securities are denominated, the period or periods within which, and the terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made; (14) if the amount of payments of principal of and interest on the Securities of the series may be determined with reference to an index or formula based on a coin, currency, composite currency or currency unit other than that in which the Securities of the series are denominated, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined; 9
(15) whether the Securities of the series will be issuable as Registered Securities (and if so, whether such Securities will be issuable as Registered Global Securities) or Unregistered Securities (with or without Coupons), or any combination of the foregoing, any restrictions applicable to the offer, sale or delivery of Unregistered Securities or the payment of interest thereon and, if other than as provided in Section 2.8, the terms upon which Unregistered Securities of any series may be exchanged for Registered Securities of such series and vice versa; (16) whether and under what circumstances the Issuer will pay additional amounts on the Securities of the series held by a person who is not a U.S. person in respect of any tax, assessment or governmental charge withheld or deducted and, if so, whether the Issuer will have the option to redeem the Securities of the series rather than pay such additional amounts; (17) if the Securities of the series are to be issuable in definitive form (whether upon original issue or upon exchange of a temporary Security of such series) only upon receipt of certain certificates or other documents or satisfaction of other conditions, the form and terms of such certificates, documents or conditions; (18) any trustees, depositaries, authenticating or paying agents, transfer agents or registrars of any other agents with respect to the Securities of such series; (19) any deletion from, modification of or addition to the Events of Default or covenants with respect to the Securities of such series; (20) if the Securities of the series are to be convertible into or exchangeable for any other security or property of the Issuer, including, without limitation, securities of another Person held by the Issuer or its Affiliates and, if so, the terms thereof; and (21) any other terms of the series. All Securities of any one series and Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto shall be substantially identical, except in the case of Registered Securities as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided by or pursuant to the Board Resolution or Officer's Certificate referred to above or as set forth in any indenture supplemental hereto. All Securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time without consent of any Holder, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant to such Board Resolution, such Officer's Certificate or in any indenture supplemental hereto. SECTION 2.4 AUTHENTICATION AND DELIVERY OF SECURITIES. The Issuer may deliver Securities of any series having attached thereto appropriate Coupons, if any, executed by the Issuer to the Trustee for authentication together with the applicable documents referred to below in this Section 2.4, and the Trustee shall thereupon authenticate and deliver such Securities and Coupons, if any, to or upon the order of the Issuer (contained in the Issuer Order referred to below in this Section) or pursuant to such procedures acceptable to the Trustee and to such recipients as may be specified from time to time by an Issuer Order. The maturity date, original issue date, interest rate and any other terms of the Securities of such series and Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto shall be determined by or pursuant to such Issuer Order and 10
procedures. If provided for in such procedures, such Issuer Order may authorize authentication and delivery pursuant to oral or electronic instructions from the Issuer or its duly authorized agent or agents, which instructions, if oral, shall be promptly confirmed in writing. In authenticating such Securities and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive (in the case of clauses (2), (3) and (4) below only at or before the time of the first request of the Issuer to the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series) and (subject to Section 6.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon, the following enumerated documents unless and until such documents have been superseded or revoked: (1) an Issuer Order requesting such authentication and setting forth delivery instructions if the Securities and Coupons, if any, are not to be delivered to the Issuer, provided that, with respect to Securities of a series subject to a Periodic Offering, (a) such Issuer Order may be delivered by the Issuer to the Trustee prior to the delivery to the Trustee of such Securities for authentication and delivery, (b) the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver Securities of such series for original issue from time to time, in an aggregate principal amount not exceeding the aggregate principal amount established for such series, pursuant to an Issuer Order or pursuant to procedures acceptable to the Trustee as may be specified from time to time by an Issuer Order, (c) the maturity date or dates, original issue date or dates, interest rate or rates and any other terms of Securities of such series shall be determined by an Issuer Order or pursuant to such procedures and (d) if provided for in such procedures, such Issuer Order may authorize authentication and delivery pursuant to oral or electronic instructions from the Issuer or its duly authorized agent or agents, which instructions, if oral, shall be promptly confirmed in writing; (2) any Board Resolution, Officer's Certificate and/or executed supplemental indenture referred to in Section 2.1 and Section 2.3 by or pursuant to which the forms and terms of the Securities and Coupons, if any, were established; (3) an Officer's Certificate setting forth the form or forms and terms of the Securities and Coupons, if any, stating that the form or forms and terms of the Securities and Coupons, if any, have been established pursuant to Section 2.1 and Section 2.3 and comply with this Indenture, and covering such other matters as the Trustee may reasonably request; and (4) At the option of the Issuer, either one or more Opinions of Counsel, or a letter addressed to the Trustee permitting it to rely on one or more Opinions of Counsel, substantially to the effect that: (a) the form or forms of the Securities and Coupons, if any, have been duly authorized and established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; (b) in the case of an underwritten offering, the terms of the Securities have been duly authorized and established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture, and, in the case of an offering that is not underwritten, certain 11
terms of the Securities have been established pursuant to a Board Resolution, an Officer's Certificate or a supplemental indenture in accordance with this Indenture, and when such other terms as are to be established pursuant to procedures set forth in an Issuer Order shall have been established, all such terms will have been duly authorized by the Issuer and will have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; and (c) such Securities and Coupons, if any, when executed by the Issuer and authenticated by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture and delivered to and duly paid for by the purchasers thereof, and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will have been duly issued under this Indenture, will be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture, and will be valid and binding obligations of the Issuer, enforceable in accordance with their respective terms except as the enforceability thereof may be limited by (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, liquidation, moratorium, fraudulent transfer or similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally, (ii) rights of acceleration, if any, and (iii) the availability of equitable remedies may be limited by equitable principles of general applicability and such counsel need express no opinion with regard to the enforceability of Section 6.6 or of a judgment denominated in a currency other than Dollars. In rendering such opinions, any counsel may qualify any opinions as to enforceability by stating that such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, liquidation, moratorium, fraudulent transfer and other similar laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors and is subject to general principles of equity (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law). Such counsel may rely upon opinions of other counsel (copies of which shall be delivered to the Trustee) reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, in which case the opinion shall state that such counsel believes he and the Trustee are entitled so to rely. Such counsel may also state that, insofar as such opinion involves factual matters, he has relied, to the extent he deems proper, upon certificates of officers of the Issuer and its subsidiaries and certificates of public officials. The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities under this section if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not lawfully be taken by the Issuer or if the Trustee in good faith by its board of directors or board of trustees, executive committee or a trust committee of directors or trustees shall determine that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability to existing Holders or would affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities, this Indenture or otherwise. If the Issuer shall establish pursuant to Section 2.3 that the Securities of a series are to be issued in the form of one or more Registered Global Securities, then the Issuer shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with this Section and the Issuer Order with respect to such series, authenticate and deliver one or more Registered Global Securities that (i) shall represent and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of all of the Securities of such series issued and not yet cancelled, (ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary for such Registered Global Security or Securities or the nominee of such 12
Depositary, (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to such Depositary or delivered or held pursuant to such Depositary's instructions and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect: "Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for Securities in definitive registered form, this Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary to the nominee of the Depositary or by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or another nominee of the Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such successor Depositary." Each Depositary designated pursuant to Section 2.3 must, at the time of its designation and at all times while it serves as Depositary, be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act and any other applicable statute or regulation. SECTION 2.5 EXECUTION OF SECURITIES. The Securities and each Coupon appertaining thereto, if any, shall be signed on behalf of the Issuer by any Officer of the Issuer, under its corporate seal (except in the case of Coupons) which may, but need not, be attested. Such signatures may be the manual or facsimile signatures of the present or any future such officers. The seal of the Issuer may be in the form of a facsimile thereof and may be impressed, affixed, imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Securities. Typographical and other minor errors or defects in any such reproduction of the seal or any such signature shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any Security that has been duly authenticated and delivered by the Trustee. In case any officer of the Issuer who shall have signed any of the Securities or Coupons, if any, shall cease to be such officer before the Security or Coupon so signed (or the Security to which the Coupon so signed appertains) shall be authenticated and delivered by the Trustee or disposed of by the Issuer, such Security or Coupon nevertheless may be authenticated and delivered or disposed of as though the person who signed such Security or Coupon had not ceased to be such officer of the Issuer; and any Security or Coupon may be signed on behalf of the Issuer by such persons as, at the actual date of the execution of such Security or Coupon, shall be the proper officers of the Issuer, although at the date of the execution and delivery of this Indenture any such person was not such an officer. SECTION 2.6 CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION. Only such Securities as shall bear thereon a certificate of authentication substantially in the form hereinbefore recited, executed by the Trustee by the manual signature of one of its authorized officers, shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose. No Coupon shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture or shall be valid and obligatory for any purpose until the certificate of authentication on the Security to which such Coupon appertains shall have been duly executed by the Trustee. The execution of such certificate by the Trustee upon any Security executed by the Issuer shall be conclusive evidence that the Security so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the Holder is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. SECTION 2.7 DENOMINATION AND DATE OF SECURITIES; PAYMENT OF INTEREST. The Securities of each series shall be issuable as Registered Securities or Unregistered Securities in denominations established as contemplated by Section 2.3 or, with respect to the Registered Securities of any series, if not so established, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral 13
multiple thereof. If denominations of Unregistered Securities of any series are not so established, such Securities shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and $5,000. The Securities of each series shall be numbered, lettered or otherwise distinguished in such manner or in accordance with such plan as the officers of the Issuer executing the same may determine with the approval of the Trustee, as evidenced by the execution and authentication thereof. Each Registered Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. Each Unregistered Security shall be dated as provided in the Board Resolution referred to in Section 2.3. The Securities of each series shall bear interest, if any, from the date, and such interest shall be payable on the dates, established as contemplated by Section 2.3. The person in whose name any Registered Security of any series is registered at the close of business on any record date applicable to a particular series with respect to any interest payment date for such series shall be entitled to receive the interest, if any, payable on such interest payment date notwithstanding any transfer or exchange of such Registered Security subsequent to the record date and prior to such interest payment date, except if and to the extent the Issuer shall default in the payment of the interest due on such interest payment date for such series, in which case such defaulted interest shall be paid to the persons in whose names Outstanding Registered Securities for such series are registered at the close of business on a subsequent record date (which shall be not less than five Business Days prior to the date of payment of such defaulted interest) established by notice given by mail by or on behalf of the Issuer to the Holders of Registered Securities not less than 15 days preceding such subsequent record date. The term "record date" as used with respect to any interest payment date (except a date for payment of defaulted interest) for the Securities of any series shall mean the date specified as such in the terms of the Registered Securities of such series established as contemplated by Section 2.3, or, if no such date is so established, if such interest payment date is the first day of a calendar month, the fifteenth day of the preceding calendar month or, if such interest payment date is the fifteenth day of a calendar month, the first day of such calendar month, whether or not such record date is a Business Day. SECTION 2.8 REGISTRATION, TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE. The Issuer will keep at each office or agency to be maintained for the purpose as provided in Section 3.2 for each series of Securities a register or registers in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as the Issuer may prescribe, it will provide for the registration of Registered Securities of such series and the registration of transfer of Registered Securities of such series. Such register shall be in written form in the English language or in any other form capable of being converted into such form within a reasonable time. At all reasonable times such register or registers shall be open for inspection by the Trustee. Upon due presentation for registration of transfer of any Registered Security of any series at any such office or agency to be maintained for the purpose as provided in Section 3.2, the Issuer shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Registered Security or Registered Securities of the same series, maturity date, interest rate and original issue date in authorized denominations for a like aggregate principal amount. 14
Unregistered Securities (except for any temporary global Unregistered Securities) and Coupons (except for Coupons attached to any temporary global Unregistered Securities) shall be transferable by delivery. At the option of the Holder thereof, Registered Securities of any series (other than a Registered Global Security, except as set forth below) may be exchanged for a Registered Security or Registered Securities of such series having authorized denominations and an equal aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of such Registered Securities to be exchanged at the agency of the Issuer that shall be maintained for such purpose in accordance with Section 3.2 and upon payment, if the Issuer shall so require, of the charges hereinafter provided. If the Securities of any series are issued in both registered and unregistered form, at the option of the Holder thereof, except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.3, Unregistered Securities of any series may be exchanged for Registered Securities of such series having authorized denominations and an equal aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of such Unregistered Securities to be exchanged at the agency of the Issuer that shall be maintained for such purpose in accordance with Section 3.2, with, in the case of Unregistered Securities that have Coupons attached, all unmatured Coupons and all matured Coupons in default thereto appertaining, and upon payment, if the Issuer shall so require, of the charges hereinafter provided. At the option of the Holder thereof, if Unregistered Securities of any series, maturity date, interest rate and original issue date are issued in more than one authorized denomination, except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.3, such Unregistered Securities may be exchanged for Unregistered Securities of such series having authorized denominations and an equal aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of such Unregistered Securities to be exchanged at the agency of the Issuer that shall be maintained for such purpose in accordance with Section 3.2 or as specified pursuant to Section 2.3, with, in the case of Unregistered Securities that have Coupons attached, all unmatured Coupons and all matured Coupons in default thereto appertaining, and upon payment, if the Issuer shall so require, of the charges hereinafter provided. Registered Securities of any series may not be exchanged for Unregistered Securities of such series unless (1) otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.3 and (2) the Issuer has delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel that (x) the Issuer has received from the IRS a ruling or (y) since the date hereof, there has been a change in the applicable United States Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that the inclusion of terms permitting Registered Securities to be exchanged for Unregistered Securities would result in no United States Federal income tax effect adverse to the Issuer or to any Holder. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Issuer shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive. All Securities and Coupons, if any, surrendered upon any exchange or transfer provided for in this Indenture shall be promptly cancelled and disposed of by the Trustee in accordance with its regular procedures, and the Trustee shall deliver a certificate of disposition thereof to the Issuer. All Registered Securities presented for registration of transfer, exchange, redemption or payment shall (if so required by the Issuer or the Trustee) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument or instruments of transfer in form satisfactory to the Issuer and the Trustee duly executed, by the Holder or his attorney duly authorized in writing. 15
The Issuer or the registrar may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any exchange or registration of transfer of Securities. No service charge shall be made for any such transaction. The Issuer shall not be required to exchange or register a transfer of (a) any Securities of any series for a period of 15 days preceding the first mailing of notice of redemption of Securities of such series to be redeemed or (b) any Securities selected, called or being called for redemption, in whole or in part, except, in the case of any Security to be redeemed in part, the portion thereof not so to be redeemed. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 2.8, unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for Securities in definitive registered form, a Registered Global Security representing all or a portion of the Securities of a series may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary for such series to a nominee of such Depositary or by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by such Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary for such series or a nominee of such successor Depositary. If at any time the Depositary for any Registered Securities of a series represented by one or more Registered Global Securities notifies the Issuer that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Registered Securities or if at any time the Depositary for such Registered Securities shall no longer be eligible under Section 2.4, the Issuer shall appoint a successor Depositary eligible under Section 2.4 with respect to such Registered Securities. If a successor Depositary eligible under Section 2.4 for such Registered Securities is not appointed by the Issuer within 90 days after the Issuer receives such notice or becomes aware of such ineligibility, the Issuer's election pursuant to Section 2.3 that such Registered Securities be represented by one or more Registered Global Securities shall no longer be effective and the Issuer will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officer's Certificate for the authentication and delivery of definitive Securities of such series, will authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in any authorized denominations, in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Registered Global Security or Securities representing such Registered Securities in exchange for such Registered Global Security or Securities. The Issuer may at any time and in its sole discretion determine that the Registered Securities of any series issued in the form of one or more Registered Global Securities shall no longer be represented by a Registered Global Security or Securities. In such event the Issuer will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of any Officer's Certificate for the authentication and delivery of definitive Securities of such series, will authenticate and deliver, Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in any authorized denominations, in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Registered Global Security or Securities representing such Registered Securities, in exchange for such Registered Global Security or Securities. If specified by the Issuer pursuant to Section 2.3 with respect to Securities represented by a Registered Global Security, the Depositary for such Registered Global Security may surrender such Registered Global Security in exchange in whole or in part for Securities of 16
the same series in definitive registered form on such terms as are acceptable to the Issuer and such Depositary. Thereupon, the Issuer shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, without service charge, (i) to the Person specified by such Depositary a new Registered Security or Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations as requested by such Person, in an aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for such Person's beneficial interest in the Registered Global Security; and (ii) to such Depositary a new Registered Global Security in a denomination equal to the difference, if any, between the principal amount of the surrendered Registered Global Security and the aggregate principal amount of Registered Securities authenticated and delivered pursuant to clause (i) above. Upon the exchange pursuant to this Section 2.8 of a Registered Global Security for Securities in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, such Registered Global Security shall be cancelled by the Trustee or an agent of the Issuer or the Trustee. Securities in definitive registered form without coupons issued in exchange for a Registered Global Security pursuant to this Section 2.8 shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary for such Registered Global Security, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee or an agent of the Issuer or the Trustee. The Trustee or such agent shall deliver such Securities to or as directed by the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered. All Securities issued upon any transfer or exchange of Securities shall be valid obligations of the Issuer, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such transfer or exchange. Notwithstanding anything herein or in the terms of any series of Securities to the contrary, none of the Issuer, the Trustee or any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee (any of which, other than the Issuer, shall rely on an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel) shall be required to exchange any Unregistered Security for a Registered Security if such exchange would result in United States Federal income tax consequences adverse to the Issuer (such as, for example, the inability of the Issuer to deduct from its income, as computed for United States Federal income tax purposes, the interest payable on the Unregistered Securities) under then applicable United States Federal income tax laws. SECTION 2.9 MUTILATED, DEFACED, DESTROYED, LOST AND STOLEN SECURITIES. In case any temporary or definitive Security or any Coupon appertaining to any Security shall be mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen, the Issuer in its discretion may execute and, upon the written request of any officer of the Issuer, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same series, maturity date, interest rate and original issue date, bearing a number or other distinguishing symbol not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated or defaced Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for the Security so destroyed, lost or stolen with Coupons corresponding to the Coupons appertaining to the Securities so mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen, or in exchange or substitution for the Security to which such mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon appertained, with 17
Coupons appertaining thereto corresponding to the Coupons so mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case, the applicant for a substitute Security or Coupon shall furnish to the Issuer and to the Trustee and any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by them to indemnify and defend and to save each of them harmless and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of such Security or Coupon and of the ownership thereof, and in the case of mutilation or defacement shall surrender the Security and related Coupons to the Trustee or such agent. Upon the issuance of any substitute Security or Coupon, the Issuer or the registrar may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) or its agent connected therewith. In case any Security or Coupon which has matured or is about to mature or has been called for redemption in full shall become mutilated or defaced or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Issuer may, instead of issuing a substitute Security, pay or authorize the payment of the same or the relevant Coupon (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated or defaced Security or Coupon), if the applicant for such payment shall furnish to the Issuer and to the Trustee and any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee such security or indemnity as any of them may require to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Issuer and the Trustee and any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of such Security or Coupons and of the ownership thereof. Every substitute Security or Coupon of any series issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section 2.9 by virtue of the fact that any such Security or Coupon is destroyed, lost or stolen shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Issuer, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security or Coupon shall be at any time enforceable by anyone and shall be entitled to all the benefits of (but shall be subject to all the limitations of rights set forth in) this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities or Coupons of such series duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. All Securities and Coupons shall be held and owned upon the express condition that, to the extent permitted by law, the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, defaced or destroyed, lost or stolen Securities and Coupons and shall preclude any and all other rights or remedies notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender. SECTION 2.10 CANCELLATION OF SECURITIES; DESTRUCTION THEREOF. All Securities and Coupons surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of transfer or exchange, or for credit against any payment in respect of a sinking or analogous fund, if any, if surrendered to the Issuer or any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee or any agent of the Trustee, shall be delivered to the Trustee or its agent for cancellation or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it; and no Securities or Coupons shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. The Trustee or its agent shall dispose of cancelled Securities and Coupons held by it in accordance with its regular procedures and deliver a certificate of disposition to the Issuer. If the Issuer or its agent shall acquire any of the Securities or Coupons, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities or Coupons unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee or its agent for cancellation. 18
SECTION 2.11 TEMPORARY SECURITIES. Pending the preparation of definitive Securities for any series, the Issuer may execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver temporary Securities for such series (printed, lithographed, typewritten or otherwise reproduced, in each case in form satisfactory to the Trustee). Temporary Securities of any series shall be issuable as Registered Securities without coupons, or as Unregistered Securities with or without coupons attached thereto, of any authorized denomination, and substantially in the form of the definitive Securities of such series but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Securities, all as may be determined by the Issuer with the concurrence of the Trustee as evidenced by the execution and authentication thereof. Temporary Securities may contain such references to any provisions of this Indenture as may be appropriate. Every temporary Security shall be executed by the Issuer and be authenticated by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive Securities. Without unreasonable delay the Issuer shall execute and shall furnish definitive Securities of such series and thereupon temporary Registered Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefor without charge at each office or agency to be maintained by the Issuer for that purpose pursuant to Section 3.2 and, in the case of Unregistered Securities, at any agency maintained by the Issuer for such purpose as specified pursuant to Section 2.3, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities of such series an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series having authorized denominations and, in the case of Unregistered Securities, having attached thereto any appropriate Coupons. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of any series shall be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series, unless otherwise established pursuant to Section 2.3. The provisions of this Section are subject to any restrictions or limitations on the issue and delivery of temporary Unregistered Securities of any series that may be established pursuant to Section 2.3 (including any provision that Unregistered Securities of such series initially be issued in the form of a single global Unregistered Security to be delivered to a depositary or agency located outside the United States and the procedures pursuant to which definitive or global Unregistered Securities of such series would be issued in exchange for such temporary global Unregistered Security). ARTICLE III COVENANTS OF THE ISSUER SECTION 3.1 PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL AND INTEREST. The Issuer covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid the principal of, and interest on, if any, each of the Securities of such series (together with any additional amounts payable pursuant to the terms of such Securities) at the place or places, at the respective time or times and in the manner provided in such Securities and in the Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto and in this Indenture. The interest on Securities with Coupons attached (together with any additional amounts payable pursuant to the terms of such Securities) shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of the several Coupons for such interest installments as are evidenced thereby as they severally mature. If any temporary Unregistered Security provides that interest thereon may be paid while such Security is in temporary form, the interest on any such temporary Unregistered Security (together with any additional amounts payable pursuant to the terms of such Security) shall be paid, as to the installments of interest evidenced by Coupons attached thereto, if any, only upon presentation 19
and surrender thereof, and, as to the other installments of interest, if any, only upon presentation of such Securities for notation thereon of the payment of such interest, in each case subject to any restrictions that may be established pursuant to Section 2.3. The interest, if any, on Registered Securities (together with any additional amounts payable pursuant to the terms of such Securities) shall be payable only to or upon the written order of the Holders thereof and, at the option of the Issuer, may be paid by wire transfer or by mailing checks for such interest payable to or upon the written order of such Holders at their last addresses as they appear on the Securities register of the Issuer. SECTION 3.2 OFFICES FOR PAYMENTS, ETC. So long as any Registered Securities are authorized for issuance pursuant to this Indenture or are outstanding hereunder, the Issuer will maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, an office or agency where the Registered Securities of each series may be presented for payment, where the Securities of each series may be presented for exchange as is provided in this Indenture and, if applicable, pursuant to Section 2.3 and where the Registered Securities of each series may be presented for registration of transfer as in this Indenture provided. The Issuer will maintain one or more offices or agencies in a city or cities located outside the United States (including any city in which such an agency is required to be maintained under the rules of any stock exchange on which the Securities of such series are listed) where the Unregistered Securities, if any, of each series and Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto may be presented for payment. No payment on any Unregistered Security or Coupon will be made upon presentation of such Unregistered Security or Coupon at an agency of the Issuer within the United States, nor will any payment be made by transfer to an account in, or by mail to an address in, the United States, unless pursuant to applicable United States laws and regulations then in effect such payment can be made without tax consequences adverse to the Issuer. Notwithstanding the foregoing, payments in Dollars of Unregistered Securities of any series and Coupons appertaining thereto which are payable in Dollars may be made at an agency of the Issuer maintained in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York if such payment in Dollars at each agency maintained by the Issuer outside the United States for payment on such Unregistered Securities is illegal or effectively precluded by exchange controls or other similar restrictions. The Issuer will maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, an office or agency where notices and demands to or upon the Issuer in respect of the Securities of any series, the Coupons appertaining thereto or this Indenture may be served. The Issuer will give to the Trustee written notice of the location of each such office or agency and of any change of location thereof. In case the Issuer shall fail to maintain any agency required by this Section 3.2 to be located in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, or shall fail to give such notice of the location or for any change in the location of any of the above agencies, presentations and demands may be made and notices may be served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee. The Issuer may from time to time designate one or more additional offices or agencies where the Securities of a series and any Coupons appertaining thereto may be presented for payment, where the Securities of that series may be presented for exchange as provided in 20
this Indenture and pursuant to Section 2.3 and where the Registered Securities of that series may be presented for registration of transfer as in this Indenture provided, and the Issuer may from time to time rescind any such designation, as the Issuer may deem desirable or expedient; provided, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Issuer of its obligations to maintain the agencies provided for in this Section 3.2. The Issuer shall give to the Trustee prompt written notice of any such designation or rescission thereof. SECTION 3.3 APPOINTMENT TO FILL A VACANCY IN OFFICE OF TRUSTEE. The Issuer, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 6.10, a Trustee, so that there shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to each series of Securities hereunder. SECTION 3.4 PAYING AGENTS. Whenever the Issuer shall appoint a paying agent other than the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series, it will cause such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section 3.4, (1) that it will hold all sums received by it as such agent for the payment of the principal of or interest on the Securities of such series (whether such sums have been paid to it by the Issuer or by any other obligor on the Securities of such series) in trust for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of such series, or Coupons appertaining thereto, if any, or of the Trustee; (2) that it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by the Issuer (or by any other obligor on the Securities of such series) to make any payment of the principal of or interest on the Securities of such series when the same shall be due and payable; and (3) that it will pay any such sums so held in trust by it to the Trustee upon the Trustee's written request at any time during the continuance of the failure referred to in the foregoing clause (2). The Issuer will, on or prior to each due date of the principal of or interest on the Securities of such series, deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient to pay such principal or interest so becoming due, and (unless such paying agent is the Trustee) the Issuer will promptly notify the Trustee of any failure to take such action. If the Issuer shall act as its own paying agent with respect to the Securities of any series, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of or interest on the Securities of such series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of such series or the Coupons appertaining thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal or interest so becoming due. The Issuer will promptly notify the Trustee of any failure to take such action. Anything in this Section 3.4 to the contrary notwithstanding, but subject to Section 10.1, the Issuer may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining a satisfaction and discharge with respect to one or more or all series of Securities hereunder, or for any other reason, pay or cause to be paid to the Trustee all sums held in trust for any such series by the Issuer or any paying agent hereunder, as required by this Section, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the trusts herein contained. 21
Anything in this Section 3.4 to the contrary notwithstanding, the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section 3.4 is subject to the provisions of Section 10.3 and Section 10.4. SECTION 3.5 COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES. The Issuer will furnish to the Trustee within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year (beginning with the fiscal year in which this Indenture is executed) a brief certificate (which need not comply with Section 11.6) from the principal executive, financial or accounting officer of the Issuer stating that in the course of the performance by the signer of his or her duties as an officer of the Issuer he or she would normally have knowledge of any default or non-compliance by the Issuer in the performance of any covenants or conditions contained in this Indenture, stating whether or not he or she has knowledge of any such default or non-compliance and, if so, describing each such default or non-compliance of which the signer has knowledge and the nature thereof. SECTION 3.6 CORPORATE EXISTENCE. Subject to Article IX, the Issuer will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence and its rights (charter and statutory), licenses and franchises of the Issuer; provided, that the Issuer shall not be required to preserve any such right, license or franchise, if, in the judgment of the Issuer, the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Issuer and the loss thereof is not disadvantageous in any material respect to ability of the Issuer to make payments hereunder. SECTION 3.7 LUXEMBOURG PUBLICATIONS. In the event of the publication of any notice pursuant to Section 5.11, Section 6.11, Section 6.12, Section 8.2, Section 10.4, Section 11.5 or Section 12.2, the party making such publication in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York shall also, to the extent that notice is required to be given to Holders of Securities of any series by applicable Luxembourg law or stock exchange regulation, as evidenced by an Officer's Certificate delivered to such party, make a similar publication in Luxembourg. ARTICLE IV SECURITYHOLDER LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE ISSUER AND THE TRUSTEE SECTION 4.1 ISSUER TO FURNISH TRUSTEE INFORMATION AS TO NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF SECURITYHOLDERS. If and so long as the Trustee shall not be the Security registrar for the Securities of any series, the Issuer and any other obligor on the Securities will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee a list in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of the Holders of the Registered Securities of such series pursuant to Section 312 of the Trust Indenture Act: (1) semi-annually not more than 5 days after each record date for the payment of interest on such Registered Securities, as hereinabove specified, as of such record date and on dates to be determined pursuant to Section 2.3 for non-interest bearing Registered Securities in each year; and 22
(2) at such other times as the Trustee may reasonably request in writing, within thirty days after receipt by the Issuer of any such request as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such information is furnished. SECTION 4.2 REPORTS BY THE ISSUER. The Issuer covenants to file with the Trustee and the Commission, and transmit to Holders, such information, documents and other reports, and such summaries thereof, as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act; provided that any such information, documents or reports required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act shall be filed with the Trustee within 15 days after the same is so required to be filed with the Commission. SECTION 4.3 REPORTS BY THE TRUSTEE. (1) The Trustee shall transmit to Securityholders and other persons such reports concerning the Trustee and its actions under this Indenture as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act on or before July 15 in each year that such report is required, such reports to be dated as of the immediately preceding May 15. (2) Reports pursuant to this Section shall be transmitted by mail to all Holders of Securities of such series, as the names and addresses of such Holders appear upon the Securities register as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the mailing thereof. (3) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Securityholders, be furnished to the Issuer and be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which the Securities of such series are listed and also with the Commission. The Issuer agrees to notify the Trustee when and as Securities of any series become listed on any national securities exchange. ARTICLE V REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT SECTION 5.1 EVENT OF DEFAULT DEFINED, ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; WAIVER OF DEFAULT. "Event of Default" with respect to Securities of any series, wherever used herein, means any one of the following events which shall have occurred and be continuing (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body): (1) default in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of the Securities of such series as and when the same shall become due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; provided that, a valid extension of an interest payment period by the Issuer in accordance with the terms of such Securities shall not constitute a failure to pay interest; or 23
(2) default in the payment of all or any part of the principal or premium (if any) on any of the Securities of such series as and when the same shall become due and payable either at maturity, upon any redemption, by declaration or otherwise; or (3) default in the payment of any sinking fund installment as and when the same shall become due and payable by the terms of the Securities of such series; or (4) failure on the part of the Issuer duly to observe or perform any other of the covenants or agreements on the part of the Issuer in the Securities of such series or contained in this Indenture (other than a covenant or agreement included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of a series of Securities other than such series) for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice specifying such failure, stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder and demanding that the Issuer remedy the same, shall have been given by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, to the Issuer by the Trustee, or to the Issuer and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of the series to which such covenant or agreement relates; or (5) a court having jurisdiction in the premises shall enter a decree or order for relief in respect of the Issuer in an involuntary case under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of the Issuer for any substantial part of its or their property or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its or their affairs, and such decree or order shall remain unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days; or (6) the Issuer shall commence a voluntary case under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, or consent to the entry of an order for relief in an involuntary case under any such law, or consent to the appointment or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of the Issuer or for any substantial part of its or their property, or make any general assignment for the benefit of creditors; or (7) any other Event of Default provided in the supplemental indenture or Board Resolution under which such series of Securities is issued or in the form of Security for such series. If an Event of Default described in clause (1), (2) or (3) occurs and is continuing, then, and in each and every such case, except for any series of Securities the principal of which shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each such affected series then Outstanding hereunder (each such series voting as a separate class) by notice in writing to the Issuer (and to the Trustee if given by Securityholders), may declare the entire principal (or, if the Securities of such series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such series) of all Securities of such series, and the interest accrued thereon, if any, to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration, the same shall become immediately due and payable. 24
Except as otherwise provided in the terms of any series of Senior Securities pursuant to Section 2.3, if an Event of Default described in clause (4) or (7) above with respect to all series of the Senior Securities then Outstanding, occurs and is continuing, then, and in each and every such case, unless the Principal of all of the Senior Securities shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of all of the Senior Securities then Outstanding hereunder (treated as one class) by notice in writing to the Issuer (and to the Trustee if given by Securityholders), may declare the entire principal (or, if the Senior Securities of any series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such series) of all of the Senior Securities then Outstanding, and the interest accrued thereon, if any, to be due and payable immediately, and upon such declaration, the same shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default described in clause (5) or (6) above occurs and is continuing, then the principal amount of all the Senior Securities then Outstanding, and the interest accrued thereon, if any, shall become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder. Except as otherwise provided in the terms of any series of Subordinated Securities pursuant to Section 2.3, if an Event of Default described in clause (4) or (7) above with respect to all series of Subordinated Securities then Outstanding, occurs and is continuing, then, and in each and every such case, unless the Principal of all of the Subordinated Securities shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of all of the Subordinated Securities then Outstanding hereunder (treated as one class) by notice in writing to the Issuer (and to the Trustee if given by Securityholders), may declare the entire principal (or, if the Subordinated Securities of any series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such series) of all of the Subordinated Securities then Outstanding, and the interest accrued thereon, if any, to be due and payable immediately, and upon such declaration, the same shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default described in clause (5) or (6) above occurs and is continuing, then the principal amount of all of the Subordinated Securities then Outstanding, and the interest accrued thereon, if any, shall become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder. If an Event of Default described in clause (4) or (7) occurs and is continuing, which Event of Default is with respect to less than all series of Senior Securities then Outstanding, then, and in each and every such case, except for any series of Senior Securities the principal of which shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Senior Securities of each such affected series then Outstanding hereunder (each such series voting as a separate class) by notice in writing to the Issuer (and to the Trustee if given by Securityholders), may declare the entire principal (or, if the Securities of such series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such series) of all Securities of such series, and the interest accrued thereon, if any, to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration, the same shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default described in clause (4) or (7) occurs and is continuing, which Event of Default is with respect to less than all series of Subordinated Securities then 25
Outstanding, then, and in each and every such case, except for any series of Subordinated Securities the principal of which shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Subordinated Securities of each such affected series then Outstanding hereunder (each such series voting as a separate class) by notice in writing to the Issuer (and to the Trustee if given by Securityholders), may declare the entire principal (or, if the Securities of such series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such series) of all Securities of such series, and the interest accrued thereon, if any, to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration, the same shall become immediately due and payable. The foregoing provisions are subject to the condition that if, at any time after the principal (or, if the Securities are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal as may be specified in the terms thereof) of the Securities of any series (or of all the Securities, as the case may be) shall have been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as hereinafter provided, (A) the Issuer shall pay or shall deposit with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay (i) all matured installments of interest upon all the Securities of such series (or all the Securities, as the case may be); and (ii) the principal of any and all Securities of such series (or of all the Securities, as the case may be) which shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration; and (iii) interest upon such principal and, to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law, on overdue installments of interest, at the same rate as the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities) specified in the Securities of such series (or at the respective rates of interest or Yields to Maturity of all the Securities, as the case may be) to the date of such payment or deposit; and (iv) all amounts payable to the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.6; and (B) all Events of Default under the Indenture, other than the non-payment of the principal of Securities which shall have become due by acceleration, shall have been cured, waived or otherwise remedied as provided herein, then and in every such case the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of all the Securities of such series voting as a separate class (or of all the Securities, as the case may be, voting as a single class), then Outstanding, by written notice to the Issuer and to the Trustee, may waive all defaults with respect to such series (or with respect to all the Securities, as the case may be) and rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences, but no such waiver or rescission and annulment shall extend to or shall affect any subsequent default or shall impair any right consequent thereon. 26
For all purposes under this Indenture, if a portion of the principal of any Original Issue Discount Securities shall have been accelerated and declared due and payable pursuant to the provisions hereof, then, from and after such declaration, unless such declaration has been rescinded and annulled, the principal amount of such Original Issue Discount Securities shall be deemed, for all purposes hereunder, to be such portion of the principal thereof as shall be due and payable as a result of such acceleration, and payment of such portion of the principal thereof as shall be due and payable as a result of such acceleration, together with interest, if any, thereon and all other amounts owing thereunder, shall constitute payment in full of such Original Issue Discount Securities. SECTION 5.2 COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS BY TRUSTEE; TRUSTEE MAY PROVE DEBT. The Issuer covenants that (i) in case default shall be made in the payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of any series when such interest shall have become due and payable, and such default shall have continued for a period of 30 days, or (ii) in case default shall be made in the payment of all or any part of the principal of any of the Securities of any series when the same shall have become due and payable, whether upon maturity of the Securities of such series or upon any redemption or by declaration or otherwise, then upon demand of the Trustee, the Issuer will pay to the Trustee for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of such series the whole amount that then shall have become due and payable on all Securities of such series, and such Coupons, for principal and interest, as the case may be (with interest to the date of such payment upon the overdue principal and, to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law, on overdue installments of interest at the same rate as the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities) specified in the Securities of such series); and in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, and such other amount due the Trustee under Section 6.6 in respect of Securities of such series. Until such demand is made by the Trustee, the Issuer may pay the principal of and interest on the Securities of any series to the registered Holders, whether or not the Securities of such series be overdue. In case the Issuer shall fail forthwith to pay such amounts upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name as trustee of an express trust, shall be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute any such action or proceedings to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment or final decree against the Issuer or other obligor upon the Securities and collect in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Issuer or other obligor upon the Securities, wherever situated, all the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable. In case there shall be pending proceedings relative to the Issuer or any other obligor upon the Securities under Title 11 of the United States Code or any other applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or in case a receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization, liquidator, sequestrator or similar official shall have been appointed for or taken possession of the Issuer or its property or such other obligor, or in case of any other comparable judicial proceedings relative to the Issuer or other obligor upon the Securities, or to the creditors or property of the Issuer or such other obligor, the Trustee, irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein 27
expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand pursuant to the provisions of this Section, shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceedings or otherwise: (a) to file and prove a claim or claims for the whole amount of principal and interest (or, if the Securities of any series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such series) owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities of any series, and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for amounts payable to the Trustee under Section 6.6) and of the Securityholders allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to the Issuer or other obligor upon the Securities, or to the creditors or property of the Issuer or such other obligor; and (b) unless prohibited by applicable law and regulations, to vote on behalf of the holders of the Securities of any series in any election of a receiver, assignee, trustee or a standby trustee in arrangement, reorganization, liquidation or other bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, custodian or other person performing similar functions in respect of any such proceedings; and (c) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims, and to distribute all amounts received with respect to the claims of the Securityholders and of the Trustee on their behalf; and any trustee, receiver, or liquidator, custodian or other similar official performing similar functions in respect of any such proceedings is hereby authorized by each of the Securityholders to make payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of payments directly to the Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee its costs and expenses of collection and all other amounts due to it pursuant to Section 6.6. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or vote for or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities of any series or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding, except as aforesaid in clause (b). All rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the Securities of any series or Coupons appertaining to such Securities, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities of such series or Coupons appertaining to such Securities or the production thereof in any trial or other proceedings relative thereto, and any such action or proceedings instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall be awarded to the Trustee for ratable distribution to the Holders of the Securities or Coupons appertaining to such Securities in respect of which such action was taken, after payment of all sums due to the Trustee under Section 6.6 in respect of such Securities. 28
In any proceedings brought by the Trustee (and also any proceedings involving the interpretation of any provision of this Indenture to which the Trustee shall be a party) the Trustee shall be held to represent all the Holders of the Securities or Coupons appertaining to such Securities in respect to which such action was taken, and it shall not be necessary to make any Holders of such Securities or Coupons appertaining to such Securities parties to any such proceedings. SECTION 5.3 APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS. Any moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article in respect of any series shall be applied in the following order at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the several Securities and Coupons appertaining to such Securities in respect of which monies have been collected and stamping (or otherwise noting) thereon the payment, or issuing Securities of such series in reduced principal amounts in exchange for the presented Securities of like series if only partially paid, or upon surrender thereof if fully paid: FIRST: To the payment of costs and expenses applicable to such series of Securities in respect of which monies have been collected, including all amounts due to the Trustee and each predecessor Trustee pursuant to Section 6.6 in respect to such series of Securities; SECOND: If the Securities of such series are Subordinated Securities, to the payment of amounts then due and unpaid to the holders of Senior Indebtedness with respect to such series, to the extent required pursuant to the Subordination Provisions established with respect to the Securities of such series pursuant to Section 2.3(9). THIRD: In case the principal of the Securities of such series in respect of which moneys have been collected shall not have become and be then due and payable, to the payment of interest on the Securities of such series in default in the order of the maturity of the installments on such interest, with interest (to the extent that such interest has been collected by the Trustee and is permitted by applicable law) upon the overdue installments of interest at the same rate as the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities) specified in such Securities, such payments to be made ratably to the persons entitled thereto, without discrimination or preference; FOURTH: In case the principal of the Securities of such series in respect of which moneys have been collected shall have become and shall be then due and payable, to the payment of the whole amount then owing and unpaid upon all the Securities of such series for principal and interest, with interest upon the overdue principal, and (to the extent that such interest has been collected by the Trustee and is permitted by applicable law) upon the overdue installations of interest at the same rate as the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities) specified in the Securities of such series; and in case such moneys shall be insufficient to pay in full the whole amount so due and unpaid upon the Securities of such series, then to the payment of such 29
principal and interest or Yield to Maturity, without preference or priority of principal over interest or Yield to Maturity, or of interest or Yield to Maturity over principal, or of any installment of interest over any other installment of interest or of any Security of such series over any other Security of such series, ratably to the aggregate of such principal and accrued and unpaid interest or Yield to Maturity; and FIFTH: To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the Issuer or to such party as a court of competent jurisdiction shall direct. SECTION 5.4 SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT. In case an Event of Default has occurred, has not been waived and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted in this Indenture or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law. SECTION 5.5 RESTORATION OF RIGHTS ON ABANDONMENT OF PROCEEDINGS. In case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right under this Indenture and such proceedings shall have been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or shall have been determined adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such case the Issuer and the Trustee shall be restored respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the Issuer, the Trustee and the Securityholders shall continue as though no such proceedings had been taken. SECTION 5.6 LIMITATIONS ON SUITS BY SECURITY HOLDERS. No Holder of any Security of any series or of any Coupon appertaining thereto shall have any right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any action or proceeding at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise upon or under or with respect to this Indenture or such Security, or for the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official or for any other remedy hereunder or thereunder, unless (a) such Holder previously shall have given to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee written notice of an Event of Default with respect to Securities of such series and of the continuance thereof, as hereinbefore provided, and (b) the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such affected series then Outstanding (treated as a single class) shall have made written request upon the Trustee to institute such action or proceedings in its own name as Trustee hereunder and shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby, and (c) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity shall have failed to institute any such action or proceeding, and (d) no direction inconsistent with such written request shall have been given to the Trustee pursuant to Section 5.9; it being understood and intended, and being expressly covenanted by the taker and Holder of every Security or Coupon with every other taker and Holder and the Trustee, that no one or more Holders of Securities of any series or Coupons appertaining to such Securities shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture or any Security to affect, disturb or prejudice the 30
rights of any other such taker or Holder of Securities or Coupons appertaining to such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such taker or Holder or to enforce any right under this Indenture or any Security, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all Holders of Securities of the applicable series and Coupons appertaining to such Securities. For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity. SECTION 5.7 UNCONDITIONAL RIGHT OF SECURITYHOLDERS TO INSTITUTE CERTAIN SUITS. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture and any provision of any Security, the right of any Holder of any Security or Coupon to receive payment of the principal of and interest on such Security or Coupon on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security or Coupon or the applicable redemption dates provided for in such Security, or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder. SECTION 5.8 POWERS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE; DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER OF DEFAULT. Except as provided in Section 2.9 or Section 5.6, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities or Coupons is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy. No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of Securities or Coupons to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every power and remedy given by this Indenture, any Security or law to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities or Coupons may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or, subject to Section 5.6, by the Holders of Securities or Coupons. SECTION 5.9 CONTROL BY HOLDERS OF SECURITIES. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each series affected (with each such series voting as a separate class) at the time Outstanding shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series by this Indenture; provided, that such direction shall not be otherwise than in accordance with law and the provisions of this Indenture; and provided, further, that (subject to the provisions of Section 6.1) the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if (a) the Trustee, being advised by counsel, shall determine that the action or proceeding so directed may not lawfully be taken; or (b) if the Trustee by its trust committee of directors or Responsible Officers of the Trustee shall determine in good faith that the action or proceedings so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability; or (c) if the Trustee in good faith shall so determine that the actions or forbearances specified in or pursuant to such direction would be unduly prejudicial to the interests of Holders of the Securities of all affected series not joining in the giving of said 31
direction, it being understood that (subject to Section 6.1) the Trustee shall have no duty to ascertain whether or not such actions or forbearances are unduly prejudicial to such Holders. Nothing in this Indenture shall impair the right of the Trustee in its discretion to take any action deemed proper by the Trustee and which is not inconsistent with such direction or directions by Securityholders. SECTION 5.10 WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS. Prior to the declaration of acceleration of the maturity of the Securities of any series as provided in Section 5.1, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series at the time Outstanding (voting as a single class) may on behalf of the Holders of all such Securities waive any past default or Event of Default described in Section 5.1 and its consequences, except a default in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Security affected. In the case of any such waiver, the Issuer, the Trustee and the Holders of all such Securities shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively, and such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon. SECTION 5.11 TRUSTEE TO GIVE NOTICE OF DEFAULT, BUT MAY WITHHOLD IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES. The Trustee shall, within ninety days after the occurrence of a default with respect to the Securities of any series, give notice of all defaults with respect to that series known to the Trustee (i) if any Unregistered Securities of that series are then Outstanding, to the Holders thereof, by publication at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York (and, if required by Section 3.7, at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in Luxembourg) and (ii) to all Holders of Securities of such series in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, unless in each case such defaults shall have been cured before the mailing or publication of such notice (the term "default" for the purpose of this Section being hereby defined to mean any event or condition which is, or with notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default); provided, that, except in the case of default in the payment of the principal of or interest on any of the Securities of such series, or in the payment of any sinking fund installment on such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee, or a trust committee of directors or trustees and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interests of the Securityholders of such series. SECTION 5.12 RIGHT OF COURT TO REQUIRE FILING OF UNDERTAKING TO PAY COSTS. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security or Coupon by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the 32
Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder or group of Securityholders of any series holding in the aggregate more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series, or, in the case of any suit relating to or arising under clause (4) or (7) of Section 5.1 (if the suit relates to Securities of more than one but less than all series), 10% in aggregate principal amount of Securities then Outstanding and affected thereby, or in the case of any suit relating to or arising under clause (4) or (7) (if the suit under clause (4) or (7) relates to all the Securities then Outstanding), or (5) or (6) of Section 5.1, 10% in aggregate principal amount of all Securities then Outstanding, or to any suit instituted by any Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security on or after the due date expressed in such Security or any date fixed for redemption. ARTICLE VI CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE SECTION 6.1 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE TRUSTEE; DURING DEFAULT; PRIOR TO DEFAULT. Prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a particular series and after the curing or waiving of all Events of Default which may have occurred with respect to such series, the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture with respect to such series of Securities. In case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred and has not been cured or waived, the Trustee shall exercise with respect to such series of Securities such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture with respect to such series of Securities, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his or her own affairs. No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, except that (1) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of any series and after the curing or waiving of all such Events of Default with respect to such series which may have occurred: (a) the duties and obligations of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be liable except for the performance of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and (b) in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any statements, certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such statements, certificates or opinions which by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be 33
under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture; (2) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and (3) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders pursuant to Section 5.9 relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture. None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if there shall be reasonable ground for believing that the repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such liability is not reasonably assured to it. The provisions of this Section 6.1 are in furtherance of and subject to Section 315 of the Trust Indenture Act. SECTION 6.2 CERTAIN RIGHTS OF THE TRUSTEE. In furtherance of and subject to the Trust Indenture Act, and subject to Section 6.1: (1) the Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, Officer's Certificate or any other certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, coupon, security or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties; (2) any request, direction, order or demand of the Issuer mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by an Issuer Order (unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically prescribed herein or in the terms established in respect of any series); and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be evidenced to the Trustee by a copy thereof certified by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Issuer; (3) the Trustee may consult with counsel, and any written advice or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon in accordance with such advice or Opinion of Counsel; (4) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the trusts or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or direction of any of the Holders of any series of Securities pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred therein or thereby; 34
(5) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion, rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture; (6) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default hereunder and after the curing or waiving of all Events of Default, the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, appraisal, bond, debenture, note, coupon, security, or other paper or document unless (i) requested in writing so to do by the Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of all series affected then Outstanding (treated as one class) or (ii) otherwise provided in the terms of any series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.3; provided, that, if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may require reasonable security or indemnity satisfactory to it against such expenses or liabilities as a condition to proceeding; the reasonable expenses of every such investigation shall be paid by the Issuer or, if paid by the Trustee or any predecessor trustee, shall be repaid by the Issuer upon demand; (7) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys not regularly in its employ and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any such agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder; and (8) the Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact an Event of Default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office and such notice references the Securities, the Issuer or this Indenture. SECTION 6.3 TRUSTEE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS, DISPOSITION OF SECURITIES OR APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS THEREOF. The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee's certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Issuer, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness of the same. The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities or Coupons. The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Issuer of any of the Securities or of the proceeds thereof. The Trustee may request that the Issuer deliver an officer's certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles of officers authorized at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture, which officers' certificate may be signed by any person authorized to sign an officer's certificate, including any person specified as so authorized in any such certificate previously delivered and not superseded. SECTION 6.4 TRUSTEE AND AGENTS MAY HOLD SECURITIES OR COUPONS; COLLECTIONS, ETC. The Trustee or any agent of the Issuer or of the Trustee, in its individual or 35
any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities or Coupons with the same rights it would have if it were not the Trustee or such agent and may otherwise deal with the Issuer and receive, collect, hold and retain collections from the Issuer with the same rights it would have if it were not the Trustee or such agent. SECTION 6.5 MONEYS HELD BY TRUSTEE. Subject to the provisions of Section 10.4 hereof, all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which they were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by mandatory provisions of law. Neither the Trustee nor any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee shall be under any liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder. SECTION 6.6 COMPENSATION AND INDEMNIFICATION OF TRUSTEE AND ITS PRIOR CLAIM. The Issuer covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee from time to time, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, reasonable compensation (which shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust), and the Issuer covenants and agrees to pay or reimburse the Trustee and each predecessor trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by or on behalf of it in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of all agents and other persons not regularly in its employ) except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may arise from its negligence or bad faith. The Issuer also covenants to indemnify the Trustee and each predecessor trustee for, and to defend and hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on its part, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this Indenture or the trusts hereunder and its duties hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against or investigating any claim of liability in the premises. The obligations of the Issuer under this Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and each predecessor trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee and each predecessor trustee for expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute additional indebtedness hereunder and shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture and the resignation or removal of the Trustee. Such additional indebtedness shall be a senior claim to that of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the benefit of the Holders of particular Securities or Coupons, and the Securities are hereby subordinated to such senior claim. When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in connection with an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1 or in connection with ARTICLE V hereof, the expenses (including the reasonable fees and expenses of its counsel) and the compensation for services in connection therewith are to constitute the expenses of administration under any bankruptcy law. SECTION 6.7 RIGHT OF TRUSTEE TO RELY ON OFFICER'S CERTIFICATE, ETC. Subject to Section 6.1 and Section 6.2, whenever in the administration of the trusts of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting any action hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officer's Certificate delivered to the Trustee, and such certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith 36
on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof. SECTION 6.8 INDENTURES NOT CREATING POTENTIAL CONFLICTING INTERESTS FOR THE TRUSTEE. The following indentures are hereby specifically described for the purposes of Section 310(b)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act: this Indenture with respect to series of Securities that are of equal priority. SECTION 6.9 QUALIFICATION OF TRUSTEE: CONFLICTING INTERESTS. The Trustee shall comply with Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. SECTION 6.10 PERSONS ELIGIBLE FOR APPOINTMENT AS TRUSTEE. The Trustee for each series of Securities hereunder shall at all times be a corporation or banking association organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, having a combined capital and surplus of at least $10,000,000, and which is authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers and is subject to supervision or examination by Federal, state or District of Columbia authority. If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. In case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section 6.11. The provisions of this Section 6.10 are in furtherance of and subject to Section 310(a) of the Trust Indenture Act. SECTION 6.11 RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR TRUSTEE. (1) The Trustee, or any trustee or trustees hereafter appointed, may at any time resign with respect to one or more or all series of Securities by giving written notice of resignation to the Issuer and (i) if any Unregistered Securities of a series affected are then Outstanding, by giving notice of such resignation to the Holders thereof, by publication at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York (and, if required by Section 3.7, at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in Luxembourg), (ii) if any Unregistered Securities of a series affected are then Outstanding, by mailing notice of such resignation to the Holders thereof who have filed their names and addresses with the Trustee pursuant to Section 313(c)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act at such addresses as were so furnished to the Trustee and (iii) by mailing notice of such resignation to the Holders of then Outstanding Registered Securities of each series affected at their addresses as they shall appear on the registry books. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Issuer shall promptly appoint a successor trustee or trustees with respect to the applicable series by written instrument in duplicate, executed by authority of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee or trustees. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed with respect to any series and have accepted appointment within 30 days after the mailing of such notice of 37
resignation, the resigning trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee, or any Securityholder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security or Securities of the applicable series for at least six months may, subject to the provisions of Section 5.12, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon, after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee. (2) In case at any time any of the following shall occur: (a) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to any series of Securities after written request therefor by the Issuer or by any Securityholder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security or Securities of such series for at least six months; or (b) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 6.10 hereof and Section 310(a) of the Trust Indenture Act and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Issuer or by any Securityholder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security or Securities of such series for at least six months; or (c) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting with respect to any series of Securities, or shall be adjudged bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver or liquidator of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation; then, in any such case, the Issuer may remove the Trustee with respect to the applicable series of Securities and appoint a successor trustee for such series by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors of the Issuer, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor trustee, or, subject to the provisions of Section 315(e) of the Trust Indenture Act, any Securityholder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security or Securities of such series for at least six months may on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to such series. Such court may thereupon, after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and so prescribe, remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee. (3) The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each series at the time outstanding may at any time remove the Trustee with respect to Securities of such series and appoint a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of such series by delivering to the Trustee so removed, to the successor trustee so appointed and to the Issuer the evidence provided for in Section 7.1 of the action in that regard taken by the Securityholders. 38
(4) Any resignation or removal of the Trustee with respect to any series and any appointment of a successor trustee with respect to such series pursuant to any of the provisions of this Section 6.11 shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section 6.12. SECTION 6.12 ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR TRUSTEE. Any successor trustee appointed as provided in Section 6.11 shall execute and deliver to the Issuer and to its predecessor trustee an instrument accepting such appointment hereunder, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the predecessor trustee with respect to all or any applicable series shall become effective and such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all rights, powers, duties and obligations with respect to such series of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as trustee for such series hereunder; but, nevertheless, on the written request of the Issuer or of the successor trustee, upon payment of its charges then unpaid, the trustee ceasing to act shall, subject to Section 10.4, pay over to the successor trustee all moneys at the time held by it hereunder and shall execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor trustee all such rights, powers, duties and obligations. Upon request of any such successor trustee, the Issuer shall execute any and all instruments in writing for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor trustee all such rights and powers. Any trustee ceasing to act shall, nevertheless, retain a prior claim upon all property or funds held or collected by such trustee to secure any amounts then due it pursuant to the provisions of Section 6.6. If a successor trustee is appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Issuer, the predecessor trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of any applicable series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto which shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the predecessor trustee with respect to the Securities of any series as to which the predecessor trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the predecessor trustee, and shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts under separate indentures. No successor trustee with respect to any series of Securities shall accept appointment as provided in this Section 6.12 unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified under Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act and eligible under the provisions of Section 6.10. Upon acceptance of appointment by any successor trustee as provided in this Section 6.12, the Issuer shall give notice thereof (a) if any Unregistered Securities of a series affected are then Outstanding, to the Holders thereof, by publication of such notice at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York (and, if required by Section 3.7, at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in Luxembourg), (b) if any Unregistered Securities of a series affected are then Outstanding, to the Holders thereof who have filed their names and addresses with the Trustee pursuant to Section 313(c)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act, by mailing such notice to such Holders at such addresses as were so furnished to 39
the Trustee (and the Trustee shall make such information available to the Issuer for such purpose) and (c) to the Holders of Registered Securities of each series affected, by mailing such notice to such Holders at their addresses as they shall appear on the registry books. If the acceptance of appointment is substantially contemporaneous with the resignation, then the notice called for by the preceding sentence may be combined with the notice called for by Section 6.11. If the Issuer fails to give such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such notice to be given at the expense of the Issuer. SECTION 6.13 MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS OF TRUSTEE. Any corporation or banking association into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation or banking association resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation or banking association succeeding to the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided, that such corporation or banking association shall be qualified under Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act and eligible under the provisions of Section 6.10, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding. In case at the time such successor to the Trustee shall succeed to the trusts created by this Indenture any of the Securities of any series shall have been authenticated but not delivered, any such successor to the Trustee may adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor trustee and deliver such Securities so authenticated; and, in case at that time any of the Securities of any series shall not have been authenticated, any such successor to the Trustee may authenticate such Securities either in the name of any predecessor hereunder or in the name of the successor Trustee; and in all such cases such certificate of authentication shall have the full force which under this Indenture or the Securities of such series it is provided that the certificate of authentication of the Trustee shall have; provided, that the right to adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor trustee or to authenticate Securities of any series in the name of any predecessor trustee shall apply only to its successor or successors by merger, conversion or consolidation. SECTION 6.14 PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST THE ISSUER. The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship listed in Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent indicated. SECTION 6.15 APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT. As long as any Securities of a series remain Outstanding, the Trustee may, by an instrument in writing, appoint with the approval of the Issuer an authenticating agent (the "Authenticating Agent") which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities, including Securities issued upon exchange, registration of transfer, partial redemption or pursuant to Section 2.9. Securities of each such series authenticated by such Authenticating Agent shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee. Whenever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities of any series by the Trustee or to the Trustee's Certificate of Authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent for such series and a Certificate of Authentication executed on behalf of 40
the Trustee by such Authenticating Agent. Such Authenticating Agent shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or of any State, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having a combined capital and surplus of at least $45,000,000 (determined as provided in Section 6.10 with respect to the Trustee) and subject to supervision or examination by Federal or state authority. Any corporation into which any Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted, or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which any Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency business of any Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be the Authenticating Agent with respect to all series of Securities for which it served as Authenticating Agent without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or such Authenticating Agent. Any Authenticating Agent may at any time, and if it shall cease to be eligible shall, resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Issuer. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time any Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section 6.15 with respect to one or more series of Securities, the Trustee shall upon receipt of an Issuer Order appoint a successor Authenticating Agent, and the Issuer shall provide notice of such appointment to all Holders of Securities of such series in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 11.5. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become vested with all rights, powers, duties and responsibilities of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as Authenticating Agent. The Issuer agrees to pay to the Authenticating Agent for such series from time to time reasonable compensation. The Authenticating Agent for the Securities of any series shall have no responsibility or liability for any action taken by it as such at the direction of the Trustee. Section 6.2, Section 6.3, Section 6.4, Section 6.6 and Section 7.3 shall be applicable to any Authenticating Agent. ARTICLE VII CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS SECTION 7.1 EVIDENCE OF ACTION TAKEN BY SECURITYHOLDERS. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by a specified percentage in principal amount of the Securityholders of any or all series may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such specified percentage of Securityholders in person or by agent duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the Trustee. Proof of execution of any instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 6.1 and Section 6.2) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Issuer, if made in the manner provided in this Article. 41
SECTION 7.2 PROOF OF EXECUTION OF INSTRUMENTS AND OF HOLDING OF SECURITIES. Subject to Section 6.1 and Section 6.2, the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder or his agent or proxy may be proved in accordance with such reasonable rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Trustee or in such manner as shall be satisfactory to the Trustee. The holding of Registered Securities shall be proved by the Security register or by a certificate of the registrar thereof. SECTION 7.3 HOLDERS TO BE TREATED AS OWNERS. The Issuer, the Trustee and any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee may deem and treat the person in whose name any Security shall be registered upon the Security register for such series as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing thereon) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of and, subject to the provisions of this Indenture, interest on such Security and for all other purposes; and neither the Issuer nor the Trustee nor any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee shall be affected by any notice to the contrary. The Issuer, the Trustee and any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee may treat the Holder of any Unregistered Security and the Holder of any Coupon as the absolute owner of such Unregistered Security or Coupon (whether or not such Unregistered Security or Coupon shall be overdue) for the purpose of receiving payment thereof or on account thereof and for all other purposes, and neither the Issuer, the Trustee, nor any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee shall be affected by any notice to the contrary. All such payments so made to any such person, or upon his order, shall be valid, and, to the extent of the sum or sums so paid, effectual to satisfy and discharge the liability for moneys payable upon any such Unregistered Security or Coupon. SECTION 7.4 SECURITIES OWNED BY ISSUER DEEMED NOT OUTSTANDING. In determining whether the Holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of Outstanding Securities of any or all series have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action by Securityholders under this Indenture, Securities which are owned by the Issuer or any other obligor on the Securities with respect to which such determination is being made or by any person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Issuer or any other obligor on the Securities with respect to which such determination is being made shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination, except that for the purpose of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such action only Securities which the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Issuer or any other obligor upon the Securities or any person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Issuer or any other obligor on the Securities. In case of a dispute as to such right, the advice of counsel shall be full protection in respect of any decision made by the Trustee in accordance with such advice. Upon request of the Trustee, the Issuer shall furnish to the Trustee promptly an Officer's Certificate listing and identifying all Securities, if any, known by the Issuer to be owned or held by or for the account of any of the above-described persons; and, subject to Section 6.1 and Section 6.2, the Trustee shall be entitled to accept such Officer's Certificate as conclusive evidence of the facts therein set forth and of the fact that all Securities not listed therein are Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination. 42
SECTION 7.5 RECORD DATE FOR HOLDERS ENTITLED TO ACT. If the Issuer shall solicit from the Holders of any series of Securities any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other act, the Issuer may, at its option, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, fix in advance a record date for the determination of Holders of Outstanding Securities of such series entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other act, but the Issuer shall have no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other act may be given before or after such record date, but only the Holders of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series of record at the close of business on such record date shall be deemed to be Holders for purposes of determining whether Holders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities of such series have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other act, and for that purpose the outstanding Securities of such series shall be computed as of such record date; provided that no such authorization, agreement or consent by the Holders on such record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record date. SECTION 7.6 RIGHT OF REVOCATION OF ACTION TAKEN. At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as provided in Section 7.1, of the taking of any action by the Holders of the percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any or all series, as the case may be, specified in this Indenture in connection with such action, any Holder of a Security the serial number of which is shown by the evidence to be included among the serial numbers of the Securities the Holders of which have consented to such action may, by filing written notice at the Corporate Trust Office and upon proof of holding as provided in this Article, revoke such action so far as concerns such Security. Except as aforesaid, any such action taken by the Holder of any Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders and owners of such Security and of any Securities issued in exchange or substitution therefor or on registration of transfer thereof, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made upon any such Security. Any action taken by the Holders of the percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any or all series, as the case may be, specified in this Indenture in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Issuer, the Trustee and the Holders of all the Securities affected by such action. ARTICLE VIII SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES SECTION 8.1 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF SECURITYHOLDERS. The Issuer, when authorized by a resolution of its Board of Directors (which resolution may provide general terms or parameters for such action and may provide that the specific terms of such action may be determined in accordance with or pursuant to an Issuer Order), and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for one or more of the following purposes: (1) to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge to the Trustee as security for the Securities of one or more series any property or assets; 43
(2) to evidence the succession of another corporation to the Issuer, or successive successions, and the assumption by the successor corporation of the covenants, agreements and obligations of the Issuer herein and in the Securities; (3) to add to the covenants of the Issuer such further covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions as the Issuer and the Trustee shall consider to be for the protection of the Holders of Securities of any series or Coupons, and to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an Event of Default permitting the enforcement of all or any of the several remedies provided in this Indenture as herein set forth; provided, that in respect of any such additional covenant, restriction, condition or provision such supplemental indenture may provide for a particular period of grace after default (which period may be shorter or longer than that allowed in the case of other defaults) or may provide for an immediate enforcement upon such an Event of Default or may limit the remedies available to the Trustee upon such an Event of Default or may limit the right of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series to waive such an Event of Default; (4) to surrender any right, power or option conferred upon the Issuer in respect of Securities of any series or of the Coupons appertaining to such Securities; (5) to provide for conversion rights of Holders of convertible Securities of any series in the event of a reclassification or change of any capital stock of the Issuer or any consolidation, merger or sale of all or substantially all of the Issuer's assets occurs; (6) to make any change necessary to comply with the Trust Indenture Act or any requirement of the Commission in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act; (7) to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision contained herein or in any supplemental indenture which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision contained herein or in any supplemental indenture, or to make any other change or provision as the Issuer may deem necessary or desirable; provided, that no such action shall adversely affect the interests of the Holders of the Securities of any series or Coupons in any material respect; (8) to establish the forms or terms of Securities of any series or of the Coupons appertaining to such Securities as permitted by Section 2.1 and Section 2.3; (9) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 6.12; and (10) to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture, or to add any new provision to this Indenture, in respect of one or more series of Securities; provided, however, that any such change, elimination or addition shall not apply to any Security Outstanding on the date of such indenture supplemental hereto. The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Issuer in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations which may be therein contained and to accept the conveyance, transfer, assignment, mortgage or pledge 44
of any property thereunder, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this Section may be executed without the consent of the Holders of any of the Securities of any series at the time outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 8.2. SECTION 8.2 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF SECURITYHOLDERS. (1) Except as set forth in subsection (3) below, with the consent (evidenced as provided in ARTICLE VII) of the Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities at the time Outstanding of all series of Senior Securities affected by such supplemental indenture (voting as one class), the Issuer, when authorized by a resolution of its Board of Directors (which resolution may provide general terms or parameters for such action and may provide that the specific terms of such action may be determined in accordance with or pursuant to an Issuer Order), and the Trustee may, from time to time and at any time, enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as in force and effect at the date of execution thereof) for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each such series or of the Coupons appertaining to such Securities. (2) Except as set forth in subsection (3) below, with the consent (evidenced as provided in ARTICLE VII) of the Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities at the time Outstanding of all series of Subordinated Securities affected by such supplemental indenture (voting as one class), the Issuer, when authorized by a resolution of its Board of Directors (which resolution may provide general terms or parameters for such action and may provide that the specific terms of such action may be determined in accordance with or pursuant to an Issuer Order), and the Trustee may, from time to time and at any time, enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as in force and effect at the date of execution thereof) for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each such series or of the Coupons appertaining to such Securities. (3) No such supplemental indenture shall (i) extend the final maturity of any Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or premium thereon, if any, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any amount payable on redemption thereof, or make the principal thereof (including any amount in respect of original issue discount), or premium thereon, if any, or interest thereon payable in any coin or currency other than that provided in the Securities and Coupons or in accordance with the terms thereof, or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue 45
Discount Security that would be due and payable upon an acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.1 or the amount thereof provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section 5.2, or in the case of Subordinated Securities of any series, modify any of the Subordination Provisions or the definition of "Senior Indebtedness" relating to such series in a manner adverse to the holders of such Subordinated Securities, or alter the provisions of Section 11.12 or Section 11.13 or impair or affect the right of any Securityholder to institute suit for the payment thereof when due or, if the Securities provide therefor, any right of repayment at the option of the Securityholder, in each case without the consent of the Holder of each Security so affected, or (ii) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Securities of any series, the consent of the Holders of which is required for any such supplemental indenture, without the consent of the Holders of each Security so affected. (4) A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the rights of Holders of Securities of such series, or of Coupons appertaining to such Securities, with respect to such covenant or provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series or of the Coupons appertaining to such Securities. Upon the request of the Issuer, accompanied by a copy of a resolution of the Board of Directors (which resolution may provide general terms or parameters for such action and may provide that the specific terms of such action may be determined in accordance with or pursuant to an Issuer Order) certified by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Issuer authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of the Holders of the Securities as aforesaid and other documents, if any, required by Section 7.1, the Trustee shall join with the Issuer in the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into such supplemental indenture. It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof. Promptly after the execution by the Issuer and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall give notice thereof (i) to the Holders of then Outstanding Registered Securities of each series affected thereby, by mailing a notice thereof by first-class mail to such Holders at their addresses as they shall appear on the Security register, (ii) if any Unregistered Securities of a series affected thereby are then Outstanding, to the Holders thereof who have filed their names and addresses with the Trustee pursuant to Section 313(c)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act, by mailing a notice thereof by first-class mail to such Holders at such addresses as were so furnished to the Trustee and (iii) if any Unregistered Securities of a series affected thereby are then Outstanding, to all Holders thereof, by publication of a notice thereof at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York (and, if required by Section 3.7, at least once in an Authorized 46
Newspaper in Luxembourg), and in each case such notice shall set forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture. Any failure of the Issuer to give such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture. SECTION 8.3 EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE. Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions hereof, this Indenture shall be and be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Issuer and the Holders of Securities of each series affected thereby shall thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes. SECTION 8.4 DOCUMENTS TO BE GIVEN TO TRUSTEE. The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 6.1 and Section 6.2, may receive an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this ARTICLE VII complies with the applicable provisions of this Indenture. SECTION 8.5 NOTATION ON SECURITIES IN RESPECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES. Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article may bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee for such series as to any matter provided for by such supplemental indenture or as to any action taken by Securityholders. If the Issuer or the Trustee shall so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Board of Directors, to any modification of this Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Issuer, authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for the Securities of such series then Outstanding. ARTICLE IX CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE OR CONVEYANCE SECTION 9.1 ISSUER MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC., ONLY ON CERTAIN TERMS. The Issuer shall not consolidate with or merge into any other Person (other than a direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Issuer) or transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person (other than a direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Issuer), and the Issuer shall not permit any other Person (other than a direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Issuer) to consolidate with or merge into the Issuer, unless: (1) either the Issuer shall be the continuing corporation, or the successor corporation (if other than the Issuer) formed by such consolidation or into which the Issuer is merged or to which the properties and assets of the Issuer substantially as an entirety are transferred or leased shall be a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia and shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to 47
the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, all the obligations of the Issuer under the Securities and this Indenture; and (2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction and treating any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Issuer or a Subsidiary as a result of such transaction as having been incurred by the Issuer or such Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have happened and be continuing. SECTION 9.2 SUCCESSOR CORPORATION SUBSTITUTED. The successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into which the Issuer is merged or to which such transfer or lease is made shall succeed to and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Issuer under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor corporation had been named as the Issuer herein, and thereafter (except in the case of a lease to another Person) the predecessor corporation shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under the Indenture and the Securities and, in the event of such conveyance or transfer, any such predecessor corporation may be dissolved and liquidated. SECTION 9.3 OPINION OF COUNSEL TO BE GIVEN TO TRUSTEE. The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 6.1 and Section 6.2, may receive an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation, merger, sale or conveyance, and any such assumption, complies with the provisions of this ARTICLE IX. ARTICLE X SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE; UNCLAIMED MONEYS SECTION 10.1 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE. (1) If at any time (i) the Issuer shall have paid or caused to be paid the principal of and interest on all the Securities of any series Outstanding hereunder and all unmatured Coupons appertaining thereto (other than Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.9) as and when the same shall have become due and payable, or (ii) the Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of any series theretofore authenticated and all unmatured Coupons appertaining thereto (other than any Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto which shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.9) or (iii) in the case of any series of Securities where the exact amount (including the currency of payment) of principal of and interest due on which can be determined at the time of making the deposit referred to in clause (b) below, (a) all the Securities of such series and all unmatured Coupons appertaining thereto not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption, and (b) the Issuer shall have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust the 48
entire amount in (i) cash (other than moneys repaid by the Trustee or any paying agent to the Issuer in accordance with Section 10.4), (ii) in the case of any series of Securities the payments on which may only be made in Dollars, direct obligations of the United States of America, backed by its full faith and credit ("U.S. Government Obligations"), maturing as to principal and interest at such times and in such amounts as will insure the availability of cash sufficient to pay at such maturity or upon such redemption, as the case may be, or (iii) a combination thereof, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay (x) the principal and interest on all Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto on each date that such principal or interest is due and payable and (y) any mandatory sinking fund payments on the dates on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and the Securities of such series; and if, in any such case, the Issuer shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Issuer, then this Indenture shall cease to be of further effect (except as to (i) rights of registration of transfer and exchange of Securities of such Series and of Coupons appertaining thereto pursuant to Section 2.8 and the Issuer's right of optional redemption, if any, (ii) substitution of mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or Coupons, (iii) rights of holders of Securities and Coupons appertaining thereto to receive payments of principal thereof and interest thereon, upon the original stated due dates therefor (but not upon acceleration), and remaining rights of the Holders to receive mandatory sinking fund payments, if any, (iv) any optional redemption rights of such series of Securities to the extent to be exercised to make such call for redemption within one year, (v) the rights, obligations, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder, including those under Section 6.6, (vi) the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto as beneficiaries hereof with respect to the property so deposited with the Trustee payable to all or any of them, and (vii) the obligations of the Issuer under Section 3.2) and the Trustee, on demand of the Issuer accompanied by an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel and at the cost and expense of the Issuer, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging such satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture; provided, that the rights of Holders of the Securities and Coupons to receive amounts in respect of principal of and interest on the Securities and Coupons held by them shall not be delayed longer than required by then-applicable mandatory rules or policies of any securities exchange upon which the Securities are listed. The Issuer agrees to reimburse the Trustee for any costs or expenses thereafter reasonably and properly incurred and to compensate the Trustee for any services thereafter reasonably and properly rendered by the Trustee in connection with this Indenture or the Securities of such series. (2) The following provisions shall apply to the Securities of each series unless specifically otherwise provided in a Board Resolution, Officer's Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto provided pursuant to Section 2.3. In addition to discharge of the Indenture pursuant to the next preceding paragraph, in the case of any series of Securities the exact amounts (including the currency of payment) of principal of and interest due on which can be determined at the time of making the deposit referred to in clause (a) below, the Issuer shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the Securities of such a series and the Coupons appertaining thereto on the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (a) below, and the provisions of this Indenture with respect to 49
the Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto shall no longer be in effect (except as to (i) rights of registration of transfer and exchange of Securities of such series and of Coupons appertaining thereto pursuant to Section 2.8 and the Issuer's right of optional redemption, if any, (ii) substitution of mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or Coupons, (iii) rights of Holders of Securities and Coupons appertaining thereto to receive payments of principal thereof and interest thereon, upon the original stated due dates therefor (but not upon acceleration), and remaining rights of the Holders to receive mandatory sinking fund payments, if any, (iv) any optional redemption rights of such series of Securities to the extent to be exercised to make such call for redemption within one year, (v) the rights, obligations, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder, (vi) the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto as beneficiaries hereof with respect to the property so deposited with the Trustee payable to all or any of them and (vii) the obligations of the Issuer under Section 3.2) and the Trustee, at the expense of the Issuer, shall at the Issuer's request, execute proper instruments acknowledging the same, if (a) with reference to this provision the Issuer has irrevocably deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of the Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto (i) cash in an amount, or (ii) in the case of any series of Securities the payments on which may only be made in Dollars, U.S. Government Obligations, maturing as to principal and interest at such times and in such amounts as will insure the availability of cash or (iii) a combination thereof, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay (A) the principal and interest on all Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto on each date that such principal or interest is due and payable and (b) any mandatory sinking fund payments on the dates on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and the Securities of such series; (b) such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any agreement or instrument to which the Issuer is a party or by which it is bound; (c) the Issuer has delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel based on the fact that (x) the Issuer has received from, or there has been published by, the IRS a ruling or (y) since the date hereof, there has been a change in the applicable United States Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto will not recognize income, gain or loss for United States Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to United States Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times, as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred; and 50
(d) the Issuer has delivered to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this provision have been complied with. (3) The Issuer shall be released from its obligations under Section 3.6 and Section 9.1 and unless otherwise provided for in the Board Resolution, Officer's Certificate or Indenture supplemental hereto establishing such series of Securities, from all covenants and other obligations referred to in Section 2.3(19) or Section 2.3(21) with respect to such series of Securities, and any Coupons appertaining thereto, outstanding on and after the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, "covenant defeasance"). For this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that, with respect to the Outstanding Securities of any series, the Issuer may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in such Section, whether directly or indirectly by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to such Section or by reason of any reference in such Section to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute an Event of Default under Section 5.1, but the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities and Coupons shall be unaffected thereby. The following shall be the conditions to application of this subsection (3) of this Section 10.1: (a) The Issuer has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the holders of the Securities of such series and coupons appertaining thereto, (i) cash in an amount, or (ii) in the case of any series of Securities the payments on which may only be made in Dollars, U.S. Government Obligations maturing as to principal and interest at such times and in such amounts as will insure the availability of cash or (iii) a combination thereof, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay (A) the principal and interest on all Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining thereof and (B) any mandatory sinking fund payments on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and the Securities of such series; (b) No Event of Default or event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default with respect to the Securities shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit; (c) Such covenant defeasance shall not cause the Trustee to have a conflicting interest as defined in Section 6.9 and for purposes of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to any securities of the Issuer; (d) Such covenant defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under any agreement or instrument to which the Issuer is a party or by which it is bound; 51
(e) Such covenant defeasance shall not cause any Securities then listed on any registered national securities exchange under the Exchange Act to be delisted; (f) The Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate and Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of the Securities of such series and Coupons appertaining thereto will not recognize income, gain or loss for United States Federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject to United States Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred; and (g) The Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to the covenant defeasance contemplated by this provision have been complied with. SECTION 10.2 APPLICATION BY TRUSTEE OF FUNDS DEPOSITED FOR PAYMENT OF SECURITIES. Subject to Section 10.4, all moneys deposited with the Trustee (or other trustee) pursuant to Section 10.1 shall be held in trust and applied by it to the payment, either directly or through any paying agent (including the Issuer acting as its own paying agent), to the Holders of the particular Securities of such series and of Coupons appertaining thereto for the payment or redemption of which such moneys have been deposited with the Trustee, of all sums due and to become due thereon for principal and interest; but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. SECTION 10.3 REPAYMENT OF MONEYS HELD BY PAYING AGENT. In connection with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to Securities of any series, all moneys then held by any paying agent under the provisions of this Indenture with respect to such series of Securities shall, upon demand of the Issuer, be repaid to it or paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys. SECTION 10.4 RETURN OF MONEYS HELD BY TRUSTEE AND PAYING AGENT UNCLAIMED FOR TWO YEARS. Any moneys deposited with or paid to the Trustee or any paying agent for the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of any series and of any Coupons attached thereto and not applied but remaining unclaimed for two years after the date upon which such principal or interest shall have become due and payable, shall, upon the written request of the Issuer and unless otherwise required by mandatory provisions of applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law, be repaid to the Issuer by the Trustee for such series or such paying agent, and the Holder of the Securities of such series and of any Coupons appertaining thereto shall, unless otherwise required by mandatory provisions of applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property laws, thereafter look only to the Issuer for any payment which such Holder may be entitled to collect, and all liability of the Trustee or any paying agent with respect to such moneys shall thereupon cease; provided, that the Trustee or such paying agent, before being required to make any such repayment with respect to moneys deposited with it for any payment (a) in respect of Registered Securities of any series, shall at the 52
expense of the Issuer, mail by first-class mail to Holders of such Securities at their addresses as they shall appear on the Security register, and (b) in respect of Unregistered Securities of any series, shall at the expense of the Issuer cause to the published once, in an Authorized Newspaper in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York (and, if required by Section 3.7, once in an Authorized Newspaper in Luxembourg), notice, that such moneys remain and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than thirty days from the date of such mailing or publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Issuer. SECTION 10.5 INDEMNITY FOR U.S. GOVERNMENT OF OBLIGATIONS. The Issuer shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the U.S. Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 10.1 or the principal or interest received in respect of such obligations. SECTION 10.6 EFFECT ON SUBORDINATION PROVISIONS. Unless otherwise expressly established pursuant to Section 2.3 with respect to the Subordinated Securities of any series, the provisions of Section 11.14 hereof, insofar as they pertain to the Subordinated Securities of such series, and the Subordination Provisions established pursuant to Section 2.3(9) with respect to such series, are hereby expressly made subject to the provisions for satisfaction and discharge and defeasance and covenant defeasance set forth in Section 10.1 hereof and, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, upon the effectiveness of such satisfaction and discharge and defeasance and covenant defeasance pursuant to Section 10.1 with respect to the Securities of such series, such Securities shall thereupon cease to be so subordinated and shall no longer be subject to the provisions of Section 11.14 or the Subordination Provisions established pursuant to Section 2.3(9) with respect to such series and, without limitation to the foregoing, all moneys, U.S. Government Obligations and other securities or property deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) in trust in connection with such satisfaction and discharge, defeasance or covenant defeasance, as the case may be, and all proceeds therefrom may be applied to pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on, and mandatory sinking fund payments, if any, with respect to the Securities of such series as and when the same shall become due and payable notwithstanding the provisions of Section 11.14 or such Subordination Provisions. ARTICLE XI MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS SECTION 11.1 INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS OF ISSUER EXEMPT FROM INDIVIDUAL Liability. No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture, or in any Security, or because of any indebtedness evidenced thereby, shall be had against any incorporator, as such, or against any past, present or future stockholder, officer or director, as such, of the Issuer or of any successor, either directly or through the Issuer or any successor, under any rule of law, statute or constitutional provision or by the enforcement of any assessment or by any legal or equitable proceeding or otherwise, all such liability being expressly waived and released by the acceptance of the Securities and the Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto by the Holders thereof and as part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities and the Coupons appertaining thereto. 53
SECTION 11.2 PROVISIONS OF INDENTURE FOR THE SOLE BENEFIT OF PARTIES AND HOLDERS OF SECURITIES AND COUPONS. Nothing in this Indenture, in the Securities or in the Coupons appertaining thereto, expressed or implied, shall give or be construed to give to any person, firm or corporation, other than the parties thereto and their successors and the Holders of the Securities or Coupons, if any and, in the case of the Subordinated Securities of any series, the holders of Senior Indebtedness with respect to such series, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture or under any covenant or provision herein contained, all such covenants and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and their successors and of the Holders of the Securities or Coupons, if any and, in the case of the Subordinated Securities of any series, the holders of Senior Indebtedness with respect to such series. SECTION 11.3 SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS OF ISSUER BOUND BY INDENTURE. All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this Indenture contained by or in behalf of the Issuer shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not. SECTION 11.4 SEVERABILITY. In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. SECTION 11.5 NOTICES AND DEMANDS ON ISSUER, TRUSTEE AND HOLDERS OF SECURITIES AND COUPONS. Any notice or demand which by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given or served by the Trustee or by the Holders of Securities or Coupons, if any, to or on the Issuer may be given or served by being deposited postage prepaid, first-class mail (except as otherwise specifically provided herein) addressed (until another address of the Issuer is filed by the Issuer with the Trustee) to Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York, 10591-6707, Attention: Secretary. Any notice, direction, request or demand by the Issuer or any Holder of Securities or Coupons, if any, to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or served by being deposited postage prepaid, first-class mail (except as otherwise specifically provided herein) addressed (until another address of the Trustee is filed by the Trustee with the Issuer) to [Insert name and address of Trustee.] Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of Registered Securities, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class mail, postage prepaid, to each Holder entitled thereto, at his last address as it appears in the Security register. Where this Indenture provides for notice to holders of Unregistered Securities, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise expressly provided herein) by giving notice to such Holders (a) by publication of such notice at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York (and, if required by Section 3.7, once in an Authorized Newspaper in Luxembourg), and (b) by mailing such notice to the Holders of Unregistered Securities who have filed their names and addresses with the Trustee pursuant to Section 313(c)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act at such addresses as were so furnished to the Trustee. 54
In any case where notice to such Holders is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders. Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver. In case, by reason of the suspension of or irregularities in regular mail service, it shall be impracticable to mail notice to the Issuer when such notice is required to the given pursuant to any provision of this Indenture, then any manner of giving such notice as shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee shall be deemed to be a sufficient giving of such notice. SECTION 11.6 OFFICER'S CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS OF COUNSEL; STATEMENTS TO BE CONTAINED THEREIN. Upon any application or demand by the Issuer to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Issuer shall furnish to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished. Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include (a) a statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition, (b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based, (c) a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with and (d) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with. Any certificate, statement or opinion of an officer of the Issuer may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of or representations by counsel, unless such officer knows that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his certificate, statement or opinion may be based as aforesaid are erroneous, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know that the same are erroneous. Any certificate, statement or opinion of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters or information with respect to which is in the possession of the Issuer, upon the certificate, statement or opinion of or representations by an officer or officers of the Issuer, unless such counsel knows that the certificate, statement or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his certificate, statement or opinion may be based as aforesaid are erroneous, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know that the same are erroneous. Any certificate, statement or opinion of an officer of the Issuer or of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to accounting matters, upon a certificate or opinion of or 55
representations by an accountant or firm of accountants in the employ of the Issuer, unless such officer or counsel, as the case may be, knows that the certificate or opinion of or representations with respect to the accounting matters upon which his certificate, statement or opinion may be based as aforesaid are erroneous, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know that the same are erroneous. Any certificate or opinion of any independent firm of public accountants filed with and directed to the Trustee shall contain a statement that such firm is independent. SECTION 11.7 PAYMENTS DUE ON SATURDAYS, SUNDAYS AND HOLIDAYS. If the date of maturity of interest on or principal of the Securities of any series or any Coupons appertaining thereto or the date fixed for redemption or repayment of any such Security or Coupon shall not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal need not be made on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the date of maturity or the date fixed for redemption, and no interest shall accrue for the period after such date. SECTION 11.8 CONFLICT OF ANY PROVISION OF INDENTURE WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT. If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with duties imposed by, or with another provision (an "incorporated provision") included in this Indenture by operation of Sections 310 to 318, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act, such imposed duties or incorporated provision shall control. SECTION 11.9 NEW YORK LAW TO GOVERN. THIS INDENTURE AND EACH SECURITY AND COUPON SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE A CONTRACT UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND FOR ALL PURPOSES SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF SUCH STATE INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, SECTION 5-1401 OF THE NEW YORK GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW. SECTION 11.10 COUNTERPARTS. This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original; but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. SECTION 11.11 EFFECT OF HEADINGS. The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof. SECTION 11.12 SECURITIES IN A FOREIGN CURRENCY. Unless otherwise specified in an Officer's Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.3 of this Indenture with respect to a particular series of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all series or all series affected by a particular action at the time Outstanding and, at such time, there are Outstanding Securities of any series which are denominated in a Foreign Currency, then the principal amount of Securities of such series which shall be deemed to be Outstanding for the purpose of taking such action shall be that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such amount at the Market Exchange Rate. For purposes of this Section 11.12, Market Exchange Rate shall mean the noon Dollar buying rate in The City of New York for cable transfers of such 56
currency or currencies as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as of the most recent available date. If such Market Exchange Rate is not available for any reason with respect to such currency, the Trustee shall use, in its sole discretion and without liability on its part, such quotation of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or quotations from one or more major banks in The City of New York or in the country of issue of the currency in question, which for purposes of the euro shall be any member state of the European Union that has adopted the euro, as the Trustee shall deem appropriate. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in determining the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities of a series denominated in a currency other than Dollars in connection with any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture. All decisions and determinations of the Trustee regarding the Market Exchange Rate or any alternative determination provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be in its sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive to the extent permitted by law for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Issuer and all Holders. SECTION 11.13 JUDGMENT CURRENCY. The Issuer agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of or interest on the Securities of any series (the "Required Currency") into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the "Judgment Currency"), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered, unless such day is not a New York Banking Day, then, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, or any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with clause (a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, "New York Banking Day" means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York or a day on which banking institutions in The City of New York are authorized or required by law or executive order to close. SECTION 11.14 AGREEMENT TO SUBORDINATE. The Issuer, for itself, its successors and assigns, covenants and agrees, and each Holder of Subordinated Securities of any series by his acceptance thereof, likewise covenants and agrees, that the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on, and mandatory sinking fund payments, if any, in respect of each and all of the Subordinated Securities of such series shall be expressly subordinated, to the extent and in the manner provided in the Subordination Provisions established with respect to 57
the Subordinated Securities of such series pursuant to Section 2.3(9) hereof, in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness with respect to such series. ARTICLE XII REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUNDS SECTION 12.1 APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE. The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to the Securities of any series which are redeemable before their maturity or to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.3 for Securities of such series. SECTION 12.2 NOTICE OF REDEMPTION; PARTIAL REDEMPTIONS. Notice of redemption to the Holders of Registered Securities of any series to be redeemed as a whole or in part at the option of the Issuer shall be given by mailing notice of such redemption by first class mail, postage prepaid, at least 30 days and not more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for redemption to such Holders of Securities of such series at their last addresses as they shall appear upon the registry books. Notice of redemption to the Holders of Unregistered Securities to be redeemed as a whole or in part, who have filed their names and addresses with the Trustee pursuant to Section 313(c)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act shall be given by mailing notice of such redemption, by first class mail, postage prepaid, at least 30 days and not more than 60 prior to the date fixed for redemption, to such Holders at such addresses as were so furnished to the Trustee (and, in the case of any such notice given by the Issuer, the Trustee shall make such information available to the Issuer for such purpose). Notice of redemption to all other Holders of Unregistered Securities shall be published in an Authorized Newspaper in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York (and, if required by Section 3.7, in an Authorized Newspaper in Luxembourg), in each case, once in each of three successive calendar weeks, the first publication to be not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for redemption. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the Holder receives the notice. Failure to give notice by mail, or any defect in the notice to the Holder of any Security of a series designated for redemption as a whole or in part shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of such Security of such series. The notice of redemption to each such Holder shall specify the principal amount of each Security of such series held by such Holder to be redeemed, the date fixed for redemption, the redemption price, the place or places of payment, that payment will be made upon presentation and surrender of such Securities and, in the case of Securities with Coupons attached thereto, of all Coupons appertaining thereto maturing after the date fixed for redemption, that such redemption is pursuant to the mandatory or optional sinking fund, or both, if such be the case, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption will be paid as specified in such notice and that on and after said date interest thereon or on the portions thereof to be redeemed will cease to accrue. In case any Security of a series is to be redeemed in part only, the notice of redemption to Holders of Securities of the series shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed and shall state that on and after the date fixed for redemption, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued. 58
The notice of redemption of Securities of any series to be redeemed at the option of the Issuer shall be given by the Issuer or, at the Issuer's request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Issuer. On or before the redemption date specified in the notice of redemption given as provided in this Section, the Issuer will deposit with the Trustee or with one or more paying agents (or, if the Issuer is acting as its own paying agent, set aside, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 3.4) an amount of money sufficient to redeem on the redemption date all the Securities of such series so called for redemption at the appropriate redemption price, together with accrued interest to the date fixed for redemption. The Issuer will deliver to the Trustee at least 70 days prior to the date fixed for redemption, or such shorter period as shall be acceptable to the Trustee, an Officer's Certificate stating the aggregate principal amount of Securities to be redeemed. In case of a redemption at the election of the Issuer prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption, the Issuer shall deliver to the Trustee, prior to the giving of any notice of redemption to Holders pursuant to this Section, an Officer's Certificate stating that such restriction has been complied with. If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the Trustee shall select, in such manner as it shall deemed appropriate and fair, in its sole discretion, Securities of such series to be redeemed in whole or in part. Securities may be redeemed in part in multiples equal to the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of such series or any multiple thereof. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Issuer in writing of the Securities of such series selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities of such series selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities of any series shall relate, in the case of any Security redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Security which has been or is to be redeemed. SECTION 12.3 PAYMENT OF SECURITIES CALLED FOR REDEMPTION. If notice of redemption has been given as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption, and on and after said date (unless the Issuer shall default in the payment of such Securities at the redemption price, together with interest accrued to said date) interest on the Securities or portions of Securities so called for redemption shall cease to accrue, and the unmatured Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto shall be void, and, except as provided in Section 6.5 and Section 10.4, such Securities shall cease from and after the date fixed for redemption to be entitled to any benefit or security under this Indenture, and the Holders thereof shall have no right in respect of such Securities except the right to receive the redemption price thereof and unpaid interest to the date fixed for redemption. On presentation and surrender of such Securities at a place of payment specified in said notice, together with all Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto maturing after the date fixed for redemption, said Securities or the specified portions thereof shall be paid and redeemed by the Issuer at the applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for redemption; provided, that payment of interest becoming due on or prior to the date fixed for redemption shall be payable in the case of Securities with Coupons attached thereto, to the Holders of the Coupons for such interest upon surrender thereof, and in the case of Registered Securities, to the Holder of such Registered Securities registered as such 59
on the relevant record date, subject to the terms and provisions of Section 2.3 and Section 2.7 hereof. If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal shall, until paid or duly provided for, bear interest from the date fixed for redemption at the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security) borne by such Security. If any Security with Coupons attached thereto is surrendered for redemption and is not accompanied by all appurtenant Coupons maturing after the date fixed for redemption, the surrender of such missing Coupon or Coupons may be waived by the Issuer and the Trustee, if there be furnished to each of them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them harmless. Upon presentation of any Security redeemed in part only, the Issuer shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to or on the order of the Holder thereof, at the expense of the Issuer, a new Security or Securities of such series, of authorized denominations, in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so presented. SECTION 12.4 EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN SECURITIES FROM ELIGIBILITY FOR SELECTION FOR REDEMPTION. Securities shall be excluded from eligibility for selection for redemption if they are identified by registration and certificate number in an Officer's Certificate delivered to the Trustee at least 40 days prior to the last date on which notice of redemption may be given as being owned of record and beneficially by, and not pledged or hypothecated by, either (a) the Issuer or (b) an entity specifically identified in such written statement as directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Issuer. SECTION 12.5 MANDATORY AND OPTIONAL SINKING FUNDS. The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking fund payment," and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of the Securities of any series is herein referred to as an "optional sinking fund payment." The date on which a sinking fund payment is to be made is herein referred to as the "sinking fund payment date." In lieu of making all or any part of any mandatory sinking fund payment with respect to any series of Securities in cash, the Issuer may at its option (a) deliver to the Trustee Securities of such series theretofore purchased or otherwise acquired (except upon redemption pursuant to the mandatory sinking fund) by the Issuer or receive credit for Securities of such series (not previously so credited) theretofore purchased or otherwise acquired (except as aforesaid) by the Issuer and delivered to the Trustee for cancellation pursuant to Section 2.10, (b) receive credit for optional sinking fund payments (not previously so credited) made pursuant to this Section, or (c) receive credit for Securities of such series (not previously so credited) redeemed by the Issuer through any optional redemption provision contained in the terms of such series. Securities so delivered or credited shall be received or credited by the Trustee at the sinking fund redemption price specified in such Securities. 60
On or before the 60th day next preceding each sinking fund payment date for any series, the Issuer will deliver to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate (which need not contain the statements required by Section 11.6) (a) specifying the portion of the mandatory sinking fund payment to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion to be satisfied by credit of Securities of such series and the basis for such credit, (b) stating that none of the Securities of such series has theretofore been so credited, (c) stating that no defaults in the payment of interest or Events of Default with respect to such series have occurred (which have not been waived or cured) and are continuing and (d) stating whether or not the Issuer intends to exercise its right to make an optional sinking fund payment with respect to such series and, if so, specifying the amount of such optional sinking fund payment which the Issuer intends to pay on or before the next succeeding sinking fund payment date. Any Securities of such series to be credited and required to be delivered to the Trustee in order for the Issuer to be entitled to credit therefor as aforesaid which have not theretofore been delivered to the Trustee shall be delivered for cancellation pursuant to Section 2.10 to the Trustee with such Officer's Certificate (or reasonably promptly thereafter if acceptable to the Trustee). Such Officer's Certificate shall be irrevocable and upon its receipt by the Trustee, the Issuer shall become unconditionally obligated to make all the cash payments or payments therein referred to, if any, on or before the next succeeding sinking fund payment date. Failure of the Issuer, on or before any such 60th day, to deliver such Officer's Certificate and Securities specified in this paragraph, if any, shall not constitute a default but shall constitute, on and as of such date, the irrevocable election of the Issuer (i) that the mandatory sinking fund payment for such series due on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date shall be paid entirely in cash without the option to deliver or credit Securities of such series in respect thereof and (ii) that the Issuer will make no optional sinking fund payment with respect to such series as provided in this Section. If the sinking fund payment or payments (mandatory or optional or both) to be made in cash on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date plus any unused balance of any preceding sinking fund payments made in cash shall exceed $50,000 (or the equivalent thereof in any Foreign Currency) or a lesser sum in Dollars (or the equivalent thereof in any Foreign Currency) if the Issuer shall so request with respect to the Securities of any particular series, such cash shall be applied on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date to the redemption of Securities of such series at the sinking fund redemption price together with accrued interest to the date fixed for redemption. If such amount shall be $50,000 (or the equivalent thereof in any Foreign Currency) or less and the Issuer makes no such request then it shall be carried over until a sum in excess of $50,000 (or the equivalent thereof in any Foreign Currency) is available. The Trustee shall select, in the manner provided in Section 12.2, for redemption on such sinking fund payment date a sufficient principal amount of Securities of such series to absorb said cash, as nearly as may be, and shall (if requested in writing by the Issuer) inform the Issuer of the serial numbers of the Securities of such series (or portions thereof) so selected. Securities shall be excluded from eligibility for redemption under this Section if they are identified by registration and certificate number in an Officer's Certificate delivered to the Trustee at least 60 days prior to the sinking fund payment date as being owned of record and beneficially by, and not pledged or hypothecated by, either (a) the Issuer or (b) an entity specifically identified in such Officer's Certificate as directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Issuer. The Trustee, in the name and at the expense of the Issuer (or the Issuer, if it shall so request the Trustee in writing) shall cause notice of redemption of the Securities of such series to be given in substantially the manner provided in Section 12.2 (and 61
with the effect provided in Section 12.3) for the redemption of Securities of such series in part at the option of the Issuer. The amount of any sinking fund payments not so applied or allocated to the redemption of Securities of such series shall be added to the next cash sinking fund payment for such series and, together with such payment, shall be applied in accordance with the provisions of this Section. Any and all sinking fund moneys held on the stated maturity date of the Securities of any particular series (or earlier, if such maturity is accelerated), which are not held for the payment or redemption of particular Securities of such series shall be applied, together with other moneys, if necessary, sufficient for the purpose, to the payment of the principal of, and interest on, the Securities of such series at maturity. On or before each sinking fund payment date, the Issuer shall pay to the Trustee in cash or shall otherwise provide for the payment of all interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption on Securities to be redeemed on the next following sinking fund payment date. The Trustee shall not redeem or cause to be redeemed any Securities of a series with sinking fund moneys or give any notice of redemption of Securities for such series by operation of the sinking fund during the continuance of a default in payment of interest on such Securities or of any Event of Default except that, where the giving of notice of redemption of any Securities shall theretofore have been made, the Trustee shall redeem or cause to be redeemed such Securities, provided that it shall have received from the Issuer a sum sufficient for such redemption. Except as aforesaid, any moneys in the sinking fund for such series at the time when any such default or Event of Default shall occur, and any moneys thereafter paid into the sinking fund, shall, during the continuance of such default or Event of Default be deemed to have been collected under Article Five and held for the payment of all such Securities. In case such Event of Default shall have been waived as provided in Section 5.10 or the default cured on or before the sixtieth day preceding the sinking fund payment date in any year, such moneys shall thereafter be applied on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date in accordance with this Section to the redemption of such Securities. 62
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed and attested as of the date first written above. REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. By: _____________________________________ Name: Murray A. Goldberg Title: Principal Financial Officer [Insert Name of Trustee] By: _____________________________________ Name: [ * ] Title: [ * ]
EXHIBIT 4.16 COMMON STOCK COMMON STOCK [ ] NUMBER REGENERON [ ] SHARES INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS SEE REVERSE FOR OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK CERTAIN DEFINITIONS REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. CUSIP 75886F 10 7 This Certifies that [ SPECIMEN ] is the owner of [ ] FULLY PAID AND NON-ASSESSABLE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK, PAR VALUE $.001 PER SHARE, OF Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. transferable on the books of the Corporation by the holder hereof in person or by duly authorized attorney upon surrender of this Certificate properly endorsed. This Certificate is not valid unless countersigned by the Transfer Agent. Witness the seal of the Corporation and the signatures of all duly authorized officers. Dated: [SEAL] SECRETARY PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE COUNTERSIGNED: AMERICAN STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. This certificate also evidences and entitles the holder hereof to certain Rights as set forth in the Rights Agreement between Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the "Company") and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company (the "Rights Agent") dated as of September 20, 1996 (the "Rights Agreement"), the terms of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference and a copy of which is on file at the principal offices of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Under certain circumstances, as set forth in the Rights Agreement, such Rights will be evidenced by separate certificates and will no longer be evidenced by this certificate. Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. will mail to the holder of this certificate a copy of the Rights Agreement, as in effect on the date of mailing, without charge promptly after receipt of a written request therefor. Under certain circumstances set forth in the Rights Agreement, Rights issued to, or held by, any Person who is, was or becomes an Acquiring Person or any Affiliate or Associate thereof (as such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement), whether currently held by or on behalf of such Person or by any subsequent holder, may become null and void. The record holder of this Certificate may obtain from the Secretary of the Corporation, upon request and without charge, a full statement of the designation, relative rights, preferences and limitations of the shares of each class authorized to be issued and the designation, relative rights, preferences and limitations of each series of preferred shares authorized to be issued so far as the same have been fixed and the authority of the Board of Directors to designate and fix the relative rights, preferences and limitations of other series. The following abbreviations, when used in the inscription on the face of this certificate, shall be construed as though they were written out in full according to applicable laws or regulations: TEN COM-: as tenants in common UNIF GIFT MIN ACT-_________Custodian________ TEN ENT-: as tenants by the (Cust) (Minor) entireties under Uniform Gifts to Minors JT TEN-: as joint tenants with Act__________________________ right of survivorship (State) and not as tenants in common Additional abbreviations may also be used though not in the above list For Value Received, _______________________hereby sell, assign and transfer unto PLEASE INSERT SOCIAL SECURITY OR OTHER IDENTIFYING NUMBER OF ASSIGNEE [ ] ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ PLEASE PRINT OR TYPEWRITE NAME AND ADDRESS OF ASSIGNEE ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Shares of the capital stock represented by the within Certificate, and do hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Attorney to transfer the said stock on the books of the within-named Corporation with full power of substitution in the premises. Dated:__________________________ X_______________________________________ NOTICE: THE SIGNATURE TO THIS ASSIGNMENT MUST CORRESPOND WITH THE NAME AS WRITTEN UPON THE PAGE OF THE CERTIFICATE, IN EVERY PARTICULAR, WITHOUT ALTERATION OR ENLARGEMENT, OR ANY CHANGE WHATEVER.
Exhibit 5.1 February 9, 2005 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 777 Old Saw Mill River Road Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707 Re: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-3 Ladies and Gentlemen: We have acted as special counsel to Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a New York corporation (the "Company"), in connection with the preparation of the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File Nos. 333 - 121225), originally filed pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") on December 14, 2004 and Amendment No. 1 thereto as filed by the Company with the Commission on the date hereof (such Registration Statement, as so amended, being hereinafter referred to as the "Registration Statement"). The Registration Statement relates to the issuance and sale from time to time, pursuant to Rule 415 of the General Rules and Regulations promulgated under the Securities Act of the following securities with an aggregate initial public offering price of up to $200,000,000 or the equivalent thereof, based on the applicable exchange rate at the time of sale, in one or more foreign currencies, currency unit or units or composite currency or currencies as shall be designated by the Company: (i) senior, senior subordinated, subordinated and junior subordinated debt securities of the Company, in one or more series (the "Debt Securities"), which may be issued under an indenture (the "Indenture") to be executed by and between the Company and a trustee that will be appointed prior to the issuance of the Debt Securities (the "Trustee"); (ii) shares of preferred stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share (the "Preferred Stock"), in one or more series; (iii) shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share ("Common Stock"); and (iv) warrants of the Company to purchase any combination of Debt Securities, Common Stock or Preferred Stock as shall be designated by the Company at the time of offering (the "Warrants"), which may be issued pursuant to one or more warrant agreements (each, a "Warrant Agreement") to be entered into between the Company and warrant agent(s) to be named therein; and (v) such indeterminate amount of Debt Securities and number of shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock, as may be issued upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any Debt Securities, Preferred Stock or Warrants, including such shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock as may be issued pursuant to anti-dilution adjustments, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined at the time of offering (the "Indeterminate Securities"). The Debt
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. February 9, 2005 Page 2 Securities, the Preferred Stock, the Common Stock, the Warrants and the Indeterminate Securities are collectively referred to herein as the "Offered Securities." This opinion is being delivered in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act. In rendering the opinions set forth herein, we have examined and relied on originals or copies of the following: (i) the Registration Statement, as amended through the date hereof; (ii) the form of Indenture, filed as exhibit 4.6 to the Registration Statement; (iii) the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company dated as of June 21, 1992, the Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company dated as of August 18, 1996 and the Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company dated as of December 27, 2001, each as certified by the Secretary of State of the State of New York (such Restated Certificate of Incorporation as so amended, the "Certificate of Incorporation"); (iv) the By-Laws of the Company, as amended to date and certified by the Secretary of the Company (the "By-Laws"); (v) a specimen certificate representing the Common Stock; and (vi) certain resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company relating to the Offered Securities. We have also examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such records of the Company and such agreements, certificates and receipts of public officials, certificates of officers or other representatives of the Company and others, and such other documents as we have deemed necessary or appropriate as a basis for the opinions set forth herein. In our examination, we have assumed the legal capacity of all natural persons, the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as facsimile, electronic, certified, conformed or photostatic copies, and the authenticity of the originals of such documents. In making our examination of executed documents or documents to be executed, we have assumed that the parties thereto other than the Company had or will have the power, corporate or other, to enter into and perform all obligations thereunder and have also assumed the due authorization by all requisite action, corporate or other, and execution and delivery by such parties of such documents and the validity and binding effect thereof on such parties. We have also assumed that the Indenture will be executed and delivered in substantially the form reviewed by us. As to any facts material to the opinions expressed herein that we did not independently establish or verify, we have relied upon statements and representations of officers and other representatives of the Company and others and of public officials. Our opinions set forth below are limited to those laws of the State of New York and the United States of America, in each case, that, in our experience, are normally applicable to transactions of the type contemplated by the Registration Statement and to the extent that judicial or regulatory orders
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. February 9, 2005 Page 3 or decrees or consents, approvals, licenses, authorizations, validations, filings, recordings or registrations with governmental authorities are relevant, to those required under such laws (all of the foregoing being referred to as "Opined on Law"). We do not express any opinion with respect to the law of any jurisdiction other than Opined on Law or as to the effect of any such non-Opined on Law on the opinions herein stated. The Offered Securities may be issued from time to time on a delayed or continuous basis, and this opinion is limited to the laws, including the rules and regulations, as in effect on the date hereof, which laws are subject to change with possible retroactive effect. Based upon and subject to the foregoing and the limitations, qualifications, exceptions and assumptions set forth herein, we are of the opinion that: 1. With respect to the shares of Common Stock (the "Offered Common Stock"), when (i) the Registration Statement, as finally amended (including all necessary post-effective amendments), has become effective under the Securities Act; (ii) an appropriate prospectus supplement or term sheet with respect to the Offered Common Stock has been prepared, delivered and filed in compliance with the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations thereunder; (iii) if the Offered Common Stock is to be sold pursuant to a firm commitment underwritten offering, an underwriting agreement with respect to the Offered Common Stock has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and the other parties thereto; (iv) the Board of Directors of the Company, or an authorized committee thereof, and the appropriate officers of the Company have taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the issuance and sale of the Offered Common Stock and related matters; (v) the terms of the issuance and sale of the Offered Common Stock have been duly established in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation and the By-Laws so as not to violate any applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or the By-Laws or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and so as to comply with any requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company; and (vi) certificates representing the shares of the Offered Common Stock in the form of the specimen certificate examined by us have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered to the purchasers thereof upon payment of the agreed-upon consideration per share for the Offered Common Stock, the shares of Offered Common Stock (including any Offered Common Stock duly issued upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any Debt Securities, shares of Preferred Stock or Warrants), when issued and sold in accordance with the applicable underwriting agreement, if any, or any other duly authorized, executed and delivered valid and binding purchase or agency agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable (except as provided in Section 630 of the New York Business Corporation Law, to the extent applicable), provided that the consideration therefor is not less than the par value thereof.
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. February 9, 2005 Page 4 2. With respect to the shares of any series of Preferred Stock (the "Offered Preferred Stock"), when (i) the Registration Statement, as finally amended (including all necessary post-effective amendments), has become effective under the Securities Act; (ii) an appropriate prospectus supplement or term sheet with respect to the shares of Offered Preferred Stock has been prepared, delivered and filed in compliance with the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations thereunder; (iii) if the Offered Preferred Stock is to be sold pursuant to a firm commitment underwritten offering, an underwriting agreement with respect to the shares of Offered Preferred Stock has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and the other parties thereto; (iv) the Board of Directors of the Company, or an authorized committee thereof, and the appropriate officers of the Company have taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the issuance, and fix and determine the terms, of the Offered Preferred Stock and related matters, including the adoption of a Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation for such Offered Preferred Stock in accordance with the applicable provisions of New York Business Corporation Law, in a form to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, any amendment thereto or any document incorporated by reference therein; (v) such Certificate of Amendment has been duly filed with the Secretary of State of the State of New York; (vi) the terms of the Offered Preferred Stock and of their issuance and sale have been duly established in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation, including the Certificate of Amendment relating to such Offered Preferred Stock, and the By-Laws of the Company so as not to violate any applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or the By-Laws, or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company, and so as to comply with any requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company; and (vii) certificates in a form required under New York corporate law representing the shares of the Offered Preferred Stock have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered to the purchasers thereof upon payment of the agreed-upon consideration therefor, and duly issued and sold in the applicable form to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, any amendment thereto or any document incorporated by reference therein and in the manner contemplated in the Registration Statement or any prospectus supplement or term sheet relating thereto, the shares of Offered Preferred Stock (including any Offered Preferred Stock duly issued upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any Debt Securities, shares of Preferred Stock or Warrants), when issued and sold in accordance with the applicable underwriting agreement, if any, or any other duly authorized, executed and delivered valid and binding purchase or agency agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable (except as provided in Section 630 of the New York Business Corporation Law, to the extent applicable), provided that the consideration therefor is not less than the par value thereof. 3. With respect to any series of Debt Securities (the "Offered Debt Securities"), when (i) the Registration Statement, as finally amended (including all necessary post-effective amendments), has become effective under the Securities Act and the Indenture has been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended; (ii) an appropriate prospectus supplement or term sheet
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. February 9, 2005 Page 5 with respect to the Offered Debt Securities has been prepared, delivered and filed in compliance with the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations thereunder; (iii) if the Offered Debt Securities are to be sold pursuant to a firm commitment underwritten offering, an underwriting agreement with respect to the Offered Debt Securities has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and the other parties thereto; (iv) the Indenture has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Trustee, as qualified to act under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939; (v) the Indenture has been duly executed and delivered by the Company; (vi) the Board of Directors of the Company, or an authorized committee thereof, and the appropriate officers of the Company have taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the issuance, and fix and determine the terms, of the Offered Debt Securities and related matters; (vii) the terms of the Offered Debt Securities and of their issuance and sale have been duly established in conformity with the Indenture so as not to violate any applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or the By-Laws, or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company, and so as to comply with any requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company and the Trustee; and (viii) the Offered Debt Securities have been duly executed and authenticated in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and duly delivered to the purchasers thereof upon payment of the agreed-upon consideration therefor, and duly issued and sold in the applicable form to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, any amendment thereto or any document incorporated by reference therein and in the manner contemplated in the Registration Statement or any prospectus supplement or term sheet relating thereto, the Offered Debt Securities (including any Offered Debt Securities duly issued upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any Debt Securities, shares of Preferred Stock or Warrants), when issued and sold in accordance with the Indenture and the applicable underwriting agreement, if any, or any other duly authorized, executed and delivered valid and binding purchase or agency agreement, will be valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms, except to the extent that enforcement thereof may be limited by (a) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent conveyance, moratorium or other similar laws now or hereafter in effect relating to creditors' rights generally, (b) general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a proceeding at law or in equity), (c) public policy considerations which may limit the rights of the parties to obtain remedies, (d) the waivers of any usury defense contained in the Indenture which may be unenforceable, (e) requirements that a claim with respect to any Offered Debt Securities denominated other than in United States dollars (or a judgment denominated other than in United States dollars in respect of such claim) be converted into United States dollars at a rate of exchange prevailing on a date determined pursuant to applicable law, and (f) governmental authority to limit, delay or prohibit the making of payments outside the United States or in foreign currencies, currency units or composite currencies. 4. With respect to any series of Warrants (the "Offered Warrants"), when (i) the Registration Statement, as finally amended (including all necessary post-effective amendments), has become effective under the Securities Act; (ii)
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. February 9, 2005 Page 6 an appropriate prospectus supplement or term sheet with respect to the Offered Warrants has been prepared, delivered and filed in compliance with the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations thereunder; (iii) if the Offered Warrants are to be sold pursuant to a firm commitment underwritten offering, an underwriting agreement with respect to the Offered Warrants has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and the other parties thereto; (iv) the Board of Directors of the Company, or an authorized committee thereof, and the appropriate officers of the Company have taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the issuance, and fix and determine the terms, of the Offered Warrants and related matters; (v) the terms of the Offered Warrants and of their issuance and sale have been duly established in conformity with the applicable Warrant Agreement so as not to violate any applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or the By-Laws or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and so as to comply with any requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company by the Company; (vi) the applicable Warrant Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the parties thereto; and (vii) the Offered Warrants have been duly executed, delivered and countersigned in accordance with the provisions of the applicable Warrant Agreement, and duly issued and sold in the applicable form to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, any amendment thereto or any document incorporated by reference therein and in the manner contemplated in the Registration Statement or any prospectus supplement or term sheet relating thereto, the Offered Warrants (including any Warrants duly issued upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any Debt Securities, Preferred Stock or Warrants), when issued and sold in accordance with the applicable Warrant Agreement and the applicable underwriting agreement, if any, or any other duly authorized, executed and delivered valid and binding purchase or agency agreement, will be valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms, except to the extent that enforcement thereof may be limited by (a) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent conveyance, moratorium or other similar laws now or hereafter in effect relating to creditors' rights generally, (b) general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a proceeding at law or in equity); and (c) public policy considerations which may limit the rights of parties to obtain remedies. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading "Legal Matters" in the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the General Rules and Regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder. This opinion is expressed as of the date hereof unless otherwise expressly stated, and we disclaim any undertaking to advise you of any subsequent changes of the facts stated or assumed herein or any subsequent changes in applicable law.
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. February 9, 2005 Page 7 Very truly yours, /s/ Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP
Exhibit 23.1 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM -------------------------------------------------------- We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Amendment No. 1) of our report dated January 30, 2004, except for the last paragraph of Note 11b as to which the date is February 27, 2004, relating to the financial statements, which appears in Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K/A Amendment No. 2 for the year ended December 31, 2003. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading "Experts" in such Registration Statement. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP New York, New York February 9, 2005
EXHIBIT 23.2 CONSENT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption "Experts" in Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the registration of $200,000,000 of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, and/or warrants and to the incorporation by reference therein of our report dated February 4, 2002, with respect to the financial statements of Amgen-Regeneron Partners for the year ended December 31, 2001 included in the Annual Report (Form 10-K/A Amendment No. 2) of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2003, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Los Angeles, California February 9, 2005